This circular provides an assessment of the technical practicability, advantages, constraints and cost of using electronic reporting as part of the biennial survey on the implementation of the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. In this context, electronic reporting is defined as conducting a survey (questionnaire) electronically in a format that enables statistical analysis and reports to be generated without re-entering the survey information manually. Two types of electronic reporting are investigated: spreadsheet-based surveys and Web-based surveys. 

This project was initiated by FAO based on an interest in exploring cost-effective options for collecting and analysing information on Code implementation, taking full advantage of electronic technology. In conducting this work, it is understood that the biennial questionnaire will continue to be based on self-assessment and that FAO Members, regional fishery bodies and non-governmental organizations will continue to have the option of reporting in the current paper format. Accordingly, the option of electronic reporting as part of the biennial survey on the Code's implementation should be viewed as complementing the current reporting approach rather than as replacing it. 

Our analysis concludes that there are potential benefits associated with allowing electronic reporting, in particular, improving data quality, automating data analysis and generating statistical reports automatically. At this time, the option of spreadsheet-based reporting has clear advantages over the Web-based approach. MS Excel is best-suited for use by the majority of FAO Members. Over time, as technology evolves and access to the internet improves, many of the constraints associated with Web-based surveys may be addressed. 

Specific recommendations are presented to address issues related to information gathering, analysis and reporting and questionnaire design. 

Macgillivray, P.; Hosch, G.; Bueno, P. Electronic options for monitoring implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular. No. 1039. Rome, FAO. 2009. 35p.