Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 16: (Scope and interpretation of fundamental rights) 

“1. The fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution shall not exclude any others set out in applicable international laws and legal rules.
2. The constitutional precepts concerning fundamental rights must be interpreted and completed in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”

Artigo 16.º: (Âmbito e sentido dos direitos fundamentais)

1. Os direitos fundamentais consagrados na Constituição não excluem quaisquer outros constantes das leis e das regras aplicáveis de direito internacional.

2. Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados e integrados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem.

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 9: (Fundamental tasks of the state) 
“d) To promote the people’s well-being and quality of life and real equality between the Portuguese, as well as the effective implementation of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights by means of the transformation and modernisation of economic and social structures;[...]” 

Artigo 9.º: (Tarefas fundamentais do Estado)

d) Promover o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do povo e a igualdade real entre os portugueses, bem como a efectivação dos direitos económicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais, mediante a transformação e modernização das estruturas económicas e sociais;[...]

Article 59: (Workers’ rights)  

“1. Regardless of age, sex, race, citizenship, place of origin, religion and political and ideological convictions, every worker has the right: 
a) To the remuneration of his work in accordance with its volume, nature and quality, with respect for the principle of equal pay for equal work and in such a way as to guarantee a proper living; [...]
e) To material assistance when he involuntarily finds himself in a situation of unemployment;”

 Artigo 59.º: (Direitos dos trabalhadores)

"1. Todos os trabalhadores, sem distinção de idade, sexo, raça, cidadania, território de origem, religião, convicções políticas ou ideológicas, têm direito:

a) À retribuição do trabalho, segundo a quantidade, natureza e qualidade, observandose o princípio de que para trabalho igual salário igual, de forma a garantir uma existência condigna; 

e) À assistência material, quando involuntariamente se encontrem em situação de desemprego;

Article 64: (Health)
“2. The right to the protection of health shall be fulfilled: 
b) By creating economic, social, cultural and environmental conditions that particularly guarantee the protection of childhood, youth and old age; by systematically improving living and working conditions, and promoting physical fitness and sport at school and among the people; and also by developing the people’s health and hygiene education and healthy living practices.”

Artigo 64.º: (Saúde)

2. O direito à protecção da saúde é realizado: 

b) Pela criação de condições económicas, sociais, culturais e ambientais que garantam, designadamente, a protecção da infância, da juventude e da velhice, e pela melhoria sistemática das condições de vida e de trabalho, bem como pela promoção da cultura física e desportiva, escolar e popular, e ainda pelo desenvolvimento da educação sanitária do povo e de práticas de vida saudável. 

Article 81: (Priority duties of the state) 

"In the economic and social field the state is under a priority duty: 
a) Within the overall framework of a sustainable development strategy, to promote an increase in people’s social and economic well-being and quality of life, especially those of the most disadvantaged persons;”

Artigo 81.º: (Incumbências prioritárias do Estado)

Incumbe prioritariamente ao Estado no âmbito económico e social:

a) Promover o aumento do bem-estar social e económico e da qualidade de vida das pessoas, em especial das mais desfavorecidas, no quadro de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável; 

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 72: “The application of this Basic Law shall not infringe the treaties and agreements concluded between the Sultanate of Oman and other States and international bodies and organisations.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 11: “Economic principles -  
"The national economy is based on justice and the principles of free economy. Its essence is the constructive and fruitful cooperation between public and private activity. Its objective is the achievement of economic and social development in order to increase production and raise the standard of living of the Citizens according to the general plan of the State and within the limits of the Law […].” 

Article 12: "The social principles -  […] The family is the basis of the society and the Law regulates the means for protecting it, preserving its legitimate entity, strengthening its ties and values, safeguarding its members and providing suitable conditions to develop their potential and capabilities. The State guarantees aid for the Citizen and his family in cases of emergency, sickness, disability, and old age according to the social security scheme. The State shall work for the solidarity of the Society in bearing the burdens resulting from national disasters and catastrophes. The State is responsible for public health and the means of prevention and treatment of diseases and epidemics. The State endeavours to provide healthcare for every Citizen and encourages the establishment of private hospitals, polyclinics and medical institutions to be under its supervision and in accordance with regulations determined by the Law. The State also works for the conservation of the environment, its protection, and the prevention of pollution."

Article 44: “The Council of Ministers is the authority entrusted with the implementation of the general policies of the State and in particular undertakes the following: Protecting the interests of the Citizens and ensuring the availability of the necessary services to them, and enhancing their economic, social, health, and cultural standards. Determining the objectives and the general policies for economic, social, and administrative development and proposing the necessary means and measures for their implementation which ensure the best utilisation of the financial, economic and human resources.”

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 10.2: “Provisions relating to the fundamental rights and liberties recognized by the Constitution shall be construed in conformity with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international treaties and agreements thereon ratified by Spain.”

Article 96.1: “Validly concluded international treaties, once officially published in Spain, shall be part of the internal legal system. Their provisions may only be repealed, amended or suspended in the manner provided for in the treaties themselves or in accordance with the general rules of international law.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 35.1: "All Spaniards have the duty to work and the right to work, to the free choice of profession or trade, to advancement through work, and to a sufficient remuneration for the satisfaction of their needs and those of their families."

Article 41: “The public authorities shall maintain a public Social Security system for all citizens guaranteeing adequate social assistance and benefits in situations of hardship, especially in case of unemployment. Supplementary assistance and benefits shall be optional.”

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 10: "The Italian legal system conforms to the generally recognised principles of international law."

Articolo 10: "L’ordinamento giuridico italiano si conforma alle norme del diritto internazionale generalmente riconosciute."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 32: “The Republic safeguards health as a fundamental right of the individual and as a collective interest, and guarantees free medical care to the indigent. No one may be obliged to undergo any health treatment except under the provisions of the law. The law may not under any circumstances violate the limits imposed by respect for the human person.”

Articolo 32: “La Repubblica tutela la salute come fondamentale diritto dell’individuo e interesse della collettivita`, e garantisce cure gratuite agli indigenti. Nessuno puo` essere obbligato a un determinato trattamento sanitario se non per disposizione di legge. La legge non puo` in nessun caso violare i limiti imposti dal rispetto della persona umana."

Article 36: “Workers have the right to a remuneration commensurate to the quantity and quality of their work and in any case such as to ensure them and their families a free and dignified existence.”

Articolo 36: “Il lavoratore ha diritto ad una retribuzione proporzionata alla quantita` e qualita` del suo lavoro e in ogni caso sufficiente ad assicurare a se´ e alla famiglia un’esistenza libera e dignitosa.

Article 38: “Every citizen unable to work and without the necessary means of subsistence is entitled to welfare support. Workers have the right to be assured adequate means for their needs and necessities in the case of accidents, illness, disability, old age and involuntary unemployment.”

Articolo 38: “Ogni cittadino inabile al lavoro e sprovvisto dei mezzi necessari per vivere ha diritto al mantenimento e all’assistenza sociale. I lavoratori hanno diritto che siano preveduti ed assicurati mezzi adeguati alle loro esigenze di vita in caso di infortunio, malattia, invalidita` e vecchiaia, disoccupazione involontaria."

Директивные принципы государственной политики

Article 45.2: "The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing:
i. That the citizens (all of whom, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood) may through their occupations find the means of making reasonable provision for their domestic needs."

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 29: "(6) No international agreement shall be part of the domestic law of the State save as may be determined by the Oireachtas."

Прямая защита права на достаточное питание

Article 77: Right to food and water. - "Every person has the right to- (a) safe, clean and potable water; and (b) sufficient food; and the State must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within the limits of the resources available to it, to achieve the progressive realisation of this right.”

Article 81(1): “Every child, that is to say every boy and girl under the age of eighteen years, has the right –
(f) to education, health care services, nutrition and shelter.”

Article 50.5: "[...] (d) right to conditions of detention that are consistent with human dignity, including the opportunity for physical exercise and the provision, at State expense, of adequate accommodation, ablution facilities, personal hygiene, nutrition, appropriate reading material and medical treatment)."

Директивные принципы государственной политики

Article 289: "Principles guiding policy on agricultural land In order to redress the unjust and unfair pattern of land ownership that was brought about by colonialism, and to bring about land reform and the equitable access by all Zimbabweans to the country's natural resources, policies regarding agricultural land must be guided by the following principles-- (e) the use of agricultural land should promote food security, good health and nutrition and generate employment, while protecting and conserving the environment for future generations.”

Article 19 (2): “The State must adopt reasonable policies and measures, within the limits of the resources available to it, to ensure that children – 

(b) have shelter and basic nutrition, health care and social services.”

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 326: “1. Customary international law is part of the law of Zimbabwe, unless it is inconsistent with this Constitution or an Act of Parliament. 2. When interpreting legislation, every court and tribunal must adopt any reasonable interpretation of the legislation that is consistent with customary international law applicable in Zimbabwe, in preference to an alternative interpretation inconsistent with that law.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 3 (1): “Zimbabwe is founded on respect for the following values and principles – 
(c) fundamental human rights and freedoms.” 

Article 11: “The State must take all practical measures to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter 4 and to promote their full realisation and fulfillment.”

Article 15: “The State must – 
(a) encourage people to grow and store adequate food; 
(b) secure the establishment of adequate food reserves; and 
(c) encourage and promote adequate and proper nutrition through mass education and other appropriate means.” 

Article 21 (2): “The State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level must endeavour, within the limits of the resources available to them 
(b) to provide facilities, food and social care for elderly persons who are in need.”

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 121 a: "The application of this Constitution does not breach the treaties and agreements which Bahrain has concluded with states and international organizations.”

Прямая защита права на достаточное питание

Article 21: “Safeguarding the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Republic of Belarus shall be the supreme goal of the State. Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living, including appropriate food, clothing, housing and a continuous improvement of conditions necessary to attain this. The State shall guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens of Belarus that are enshrined in the Constitution and laws, and specified by the State's international obligations.”

Артыкул 21: "Забеспячэнне правоў i свабод грамадзян Рэспублiкi Беларусь з'яўляецца найвышэйшай мэтай дзяржавы. Кожны мае права на годны ўзровень жыцця, уключаючы дастатковае харчаванне, адзенне, жыллё i пастаяннае паляпшэнне неабходных для гэтага ўмоў. Дзяржава гарантуе правы i свабоды грамадзян Беларусi, замацаваныя ў Канстытуцыi, законах i прадугледжаныя мiжнароднымi абавязацельствамi дзяржавы."

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 8: “The Republic of Belarus shall recognize the supremacy of the universally acknowledged principles of international law and ensure that its laws comply with such principles. The Republic of Belarus in conformity with principles of international law may on a voluntary basis enter interstate formations and withdraw from them. The conclusion of international treaties that are contrary to the Constitution shall not be permitted.”

Артыкул 8: "Рэспублiка Беларусь прызнае прыярытэт агульнапрызнаных прынцыпаў мiжнароднага права i забяспечвае адпаведнасць iм заканадаўства. Рэспублiка Беларусь у адпаведнасцi з нормамi мiжнароднага права можа на добраахвотнай аснове ўваходзiць у мiждзяржаўныя ўтварэннi i выходзiць з iх. Hе дапускаецца заключэнне мiжнародных дагавораў, якiя супярэчаць Канстытуцыi."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 2: “The individual, his rights, freedoms and guarantees to secure them are the supreme value and goal of the society and the State. The State shall bear responsibility towards the citizen to create the conditions for the free and dignified development of his identity. The citizen bears a responsibility towards the State to discharge unwaveringly the duties imposed upon him by the Constitution.”

Артыкул 2: "Чалавек, яго правы, свабоды i гарантыi iх рэалiзацыi з'яўляюцца найвышэйшай каштоўнасцю i мэтай грамадства i дзяржавы. Дзяржава адказная перад грамадзянiнам за стварэнне ўмоў для свабоднага i годнага развiцця асобы. Грамадзянiн адказны перад дзяржавай за няўхiльнае выкананне абавязкаў, якiя ўскладзены на яго Канстытуцыяй."

Article 42: “Employees shall be guaranteed a just share of remuneration for the economic results of their labour in accordance with the quantity, quality and social significance of such work, but it shall not be less than the level which shall ensure an independent and dignified living for them and their families.”

Артыкул 42: "Асобам, якiя працуюць па найму, гарантуецца справядлiвая доля ўзнагароджання ў эканамiчных вынiках працы ў адпаведнасцi з яе колькасцю, якасцю i грамадскiм значэннем, але не нiжэй за ўзровень, якi забяспечвае iм i iх сем'ям свабоднае i годнае iснаванне."

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 7 : "The rights and duties proclaimed and guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights adopted in 1981 by the Organization of African Unity and ratified by Bénin on January 20, 1986 shall be an integral part of the present Constitution and of Béninese law."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 9.: "Every human being has a right to the development and full expansion of his person in his material, temporal and intellectual dimensions, provided that he does not violate the rights of others nor infringe upon constitutional order and good manners."

Article 40 : "The State has the duty to assure the diffusion and the teaching of the Constitution, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981 as well as all of the international instruments duly ratified and relative to Human Rights. The State must integrate the rights of the individual into the programs of literacy and of teaching in the various scholastic and university academic cycles and into all the educational programs of the Armed Forces, of the Public Security Forces and of comparable categories. The State must equally assure the diffusion and teaching of these same rights in the national languages by all the means of mass communication, and particularly by radio and television."

Национальный статус международных обязательств

Article 5.(4): “International treaties which have been ratified in accordance with the constitutional procedure, promulgated and having come into force with respect to the Republic of Bulgaria, shall be part of the legislation of the State. They shall have primacy over any conflicting provision of the domestic legislation.”

Чл. 5.(4): "Международните договори, ратифицирани по конституционен ред, обнародвани и влезли в сила за Република България, са част от вътрешното право на страната. Те имат предимство пред тези норми на вътрешното законодателство, които им противоречат."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 4.(2): “The Republic of Bulgaria shall guarantee the life, dignity and rights of the individual and shall create conditions conducive to the free development of the individual and of civil society.”

Чл. 4.(2): "Република България гарантира живота, достойнството и правата на личността и създава условия за свободно развитие на човека и на гражданското общество."