Among the main challenges in the twenty-first century are the rapid increase in the world population, the degradation of agricultural soils and the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that contribute to climate change. These three important issues are closely linked as land-use management options that prevent soil degradation can also decrease the emission of greenhouse gases, enhance carbon sequestration (CS), and improve food security. While the growing population is leading to a higher demand for food, the agricultural land per capita is decreasing, particularly in Asia, Africa and South America, the regions with the highest demographic expansion. Human activities such as fuel consumption and land-use change are the main causes of an increase in the atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration, which is generally recognized as a factor of climate change and global warming.