Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was adopted by 196 countries at the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15) in December 2022 and sets out an ambitious roadmap for a world living in harmony with nature.
The framework includes four goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030.
The targets address:
- reducing threats to biodiversity;
- meeting people's needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing; and
- tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming.
The Kunming-Montreal GBF is a framework for all. Its success will require political commitment at the highest level of government, and action and cooperation at all levels of government and society.
Implementation is guided and supported by a package of decisions also adopted at COP15, which include a monitoring framework (Decision 15/5), an enhanced mechanism for planning, monitoring, reporting and reviewing implementation (Decision 15/6), a plan for resource mobilization (Decision 15/7), strategic frameworks for capacity development and technical and scientific cooperation (Decision 15/8), and an agreement on digital sequence information on genetic resources (Decision 15/9).
In adopting the Kunming-Montreal GBF (Decision 15/4), countries committed themselves to setting national targets for its implementation through National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs). Other actors can also develop and communicate their own commitments.
Agrifood sectors in the Kunming-Montreal GBF
Agrifood sectors – crop and livestock production, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture – are directly related to more than half the targets of the Kunming-Montreal GBF, and to all the other targets in one way or another. This ranges from the targets on ecosystem restoration, invasive alien species and pollution to those addressing genetic resources for food and agriculture, soil health and pollination.
Target 10, for example, commits countries to managing areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry sustainably, including through the sustainable use of biodiversity and a substantial increase in the application of biodiversity-friendly practices.
Agrifood sectors therefore have an important role to play in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the actions needed to meet the framework’s targets.
Supporting implementation
FAO has a broad range of knowledge that can support the implementation and monitoring of the Kunming-Montreal GBF in agrifood systems. This includes standards, guidelines, accounting and monitoring tools, codes of conducts and other normative or policy instruments developed under the guidance of FAO and implemented in alignment with the FAO Strategy on Mainstreaming Biodiversity across Agricultural Sectors and Action Plan.
The monitoring framework, which is used to measure progress towards the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal GBF, includes many indicators that are under FAO custodianship.
Working with governments and partners around the world, a wide range of FAO’s programmes and projects promote practices and management strategies that enhance the sustainable use, conservation and restoration of biodiversity in agrifood systems.
