The use of live-barriers has been shown to both increase productivity and control soil erosion at an individual plot or field level. This is especially useful in the more intensive cropping systems of Andean Bolivia, where live barriers may encourage further intensification. Cover crops, such as Phalaris, can play a significant role in this process and especially in soil fertility enhancement on stabilised hillsides. As such, both can play a key role in improving livelihoods. Live barriers are already being promoted by NGOs and initial adoption rates are encouraging. However, there is now a need for scaling up pilot level activities to a wider landscape that will involve other natural resource user groups. As such it will be necessary to take into account potential conflicts as well as inter-community implications of watershed management. NGOs and community groups will require the appropriate skills to facilitate this.