Thea aim of the study was to present the situation of rural women in Poland compared to other European countries. Investigations included their career, educational and social aspirations, and the possibilities of supporting female economic activity on the rural labour market. It was found that rural women have varied career, educational and social aspirations. A quarter of the respondents intend to develop their careers by running agricultural activity, and another quarter want to combine work in agriculture with non-agricultural activities. The career aspirations of the other women are connected with abandoning agriculture or show no specific direction. Investigating the economic activity of the population on the basis of three indicators, such as the rates of employment and unemployment and the index of professional activity, it was revealed that men have a larger share than women in its structure, both in urban and rural areas. In the European Union, the proportion of professionally active women in rural areas is highest in Sweden (68.7%) and lowest in Italy (45.4%). Poland, with an index of 51.5%, occupies the 12th position. The Polish potential employers of women from rural areas expect to receive special tax and insurance preferences in connection with such an act.