Year of publication 2013

Invasive alien species (IAS) – species which may be introduced into new ecosystems via intentional or unintentional introductions – are a major threat to biological diversity. In many cases, they can also have devastating consequences for human health, agricultural productivity and trade. The economic cost of IAS is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars annually to economies worldwide. Increasing travel, trade, and tourism have facilitated intentional and unintentional movement of species beyond natural geographical barriers. Many of these alien species have become invasive. Trade is one of the main pathways through which IAS can be introduced. Intentional introductions of IAS can occur through trade in new plant species and animals, while unintentional introductions are often linked to trade in agricultural commodities, as well as transportation and shipping. This desk study was prepared for the STDF seminar and further revised based on its conclusions and recommendations. It reviews and analyses key concepts and principles relevant to IAS and international trade in the context of the CBD and the SPS Agreement, as well as in relation to the IPPC and the OIE. It also considers various initiatives to enhance capacities for managing the entry and spread of IAS (including plant pests and animal diseases), reviews common challenges and good practices, and makes a number of targeted recommendations.