This article examines the interconnected concepts of food sovereignty and agroecology, contrasting them with the dominant narrative of industrial agriculture focused solely on increased production. While food security emphasizes economic access to food, food sovereignty empowers communities to produce their own food in ways that are ecologically, socially, and culturally appropriate. Agroecology, as advocated by Dr. Million Belay and the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA), offers a holistic approach that combines social justice, ecological science, and indigenous knowledge to create sustainable and just food systems.

Across Africa, agroecological practices such as seed saving, polycultures, agroforestry, and biodiversity preservation demonstrate the potential of localized, sustainable agriculture. These systems enable communities to maintain control over their food production, reduce reliance on external inputs, and enhance resilience to environmental and economic shocks. By promoting participatory governance, grassroots empowerment, and the integration of local knowledge into education and policy, agroecology fosters a deeper connection between communities and their food systems.

The article challenges the claim that agroecology cannot meet Africa’s growing food needs, arguing instead that diversified farming systems produce higher total yields, improve soil and water health, and promote long-term sustainability. It emphasizes the importance of aligning international development and agricultural investments with agroecological principles, shifting away from high-input, industrialized agriculture. By supporting small-scale producers and democratizing food systems, agroecology provides a foundation for a resilient, equitable, and sustainable future. The choice to nurture these systems and restore ecosystems is one that must be made urgently.