This publication is designed to help innovative farmers, machinery manufacturers, extension specialists, and researchers learn more about conservation agriculture (CA) in the Middle East, especially the practicalities of implementing the various CA principles in the field. Although CA was little known in the Middle East prior to 2005, it has been increasingly adopted around the world over the past four decades, and has been adapted to almost all crops, soil types, climatic zones, and farming systems. There is no ‘one recipe’ for CA that works everywhere - even within the same region, the CA system must be modified to each situation to maximize the efficiency of crop production while arresting soil degradation and maintaining or improving the natural resources of the environment. Also the transition to CA is not easy, especially for small uneducated farmers, and it is important to simplify the technology and minimize the risks of failure during the transition phase. In the Middle East where livestock production is closely integrated into crop production, there are compromises required between the implementation of the CA principles and the realities of livestock production activities, especially the grazing of crop residues.