Indicator 2.a.1 - The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures
The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures is defined as the Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures, divided by the Agriculture Share of GDP, where Agriculture refers to the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector. The measure is a currency-free index, calculated as the ratio of these two shares. This indicator will measure progress towards SDG Target 2.a.Target 2.a
Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.
Indicator 2.a.1: Progress Assessment
Impact
Government expenditure data gives potential for improved food security, reduced inequalities, inclusive growth and the creation of decent jobs.
Key results
Government spending in agriculture is increasing in nominal terms, but the global agriculture orientation index continues to decline.
Between 2015 and 2023, global government spending on agriculture increased in nominal terms, reaching an all-time high of USD 701 billion in 2023. However, the agriculture orientation index, which compares government expenditure on agriculture to the agriculture sector’s contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), fell from 0.50 in 2015 to 0.43 in 2023.
The declining trend in AOI is also observed among all regions with the exception of Western Asia and Northern Africa, and Oceania. Specifically, between 2015 and 2023, the regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern and South-eastern Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Central and Southern Asia reported a decline of their AOI in 2023, as did the subregions of Eastern Asia, South-eastern Asia, Central America and South America.
By contrast, during this period, Western Asia and Northern Africa as well as Oceania recorded an increase in AOI (from 0.29 to 0.32 and from 0.12 to 0.16 respectively). Looking at the subregional level, increases in the AOI are more pronounced in Northern Africa (from 0.24 to 0.30) compared to Western Asia (from 0.33 to 0.34), while the increase in Australia and New Zealand (from 0.23 to 0.27) is similar in magnitude to that of Oceania as a whole (from 0.12 to 0.16).
Elearning
Multimedia
Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators (2022)
Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators offers detailed analyses and trends on selected indicators for which FAO is a custodian or contributing agency or have key implications for food and agriculture across eight SDGs (1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14 and 15), highlighting areas of progress and areas where further effort is needed.
01/09/2022
Capacity development
9/10
2023
20/10
2023
In-person Course on Government Finance Statistics (GFS), Abu Dhabi
09/10/2023 - 20/10/2023
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in collaboration with the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) delivered in-person training on Government Finance Statistics (GFS) and the compilation of the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) for 15 Arab countries in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Methodology
Tier: I
Data
Data collection
- Annual questionnaire on government expenditure for countries
- Guidelines for responding to the FAO Questionnaire on government expenditure on agriculture and related categories