混农林业
这一模块对混农林业系统进行了概述；它还阐述了如何确定最适宜的混农林业系统以及如何设计、改造、建立和管理该系统的方式。有关“有利环境”的部分首要针对的是政策制定者，包括国家和地方当局。
Basic knowledge
Agroforestry is the collective term for land-use systems and technologies in which woody perennials (e.g. trees, shrubs, palms or bamboos) and agricultural crops or animals are used deliberately on the same parcel of land in some form of spatial and temporal arrangement. Agroforestry can also be defined as a dynamic, ecologically based natural resource management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in agricultural landscapes or through the production of agricultural products in forests, diversifies and sustains production for increased economic, social and environmental benefits for land users.
Agroforestry has been practised for a very long time in many parts of the world. Its forms vary considerably from landscape to landscape, country to country, and region to region, depending on human needs and capabilities and the prevailing environmental, cultural and socioeconomic conditions. Among the agroforestry systems used worldwide are improved fallows; taungya; homegardens; alley cropping; growing multipurpose trees and shrubs in farmlands; boundary planting; farm woodlots; orchards and tree gardens; tree plantations; shelterbelts; windbreaks; conservation hedges; fodder banks; live fences; silvopastoral systems; and apiculture with trees.
Agroforestry systems are multifunctional systems that can provide a wide range of economic, sociocultural and environmental benefits. Agroforestry can be particularly important for smallholder farmers because it generates diverse products and services on a limited land area. Agroforestry systems also have limitations, and a careful analysis should be carried out before their introduction.
In more depth
Agroforestry outcomes may differ considerably depending on the system deployed and the conditions under which it is put into effect. Guidance is particularly important during the process of deciding which agroforestry system to use in light of prevailing economic, social and environmental conditions.
Establishing and managing agroforestry systems
The following steps should be taken in the adoption of an agroforestry system.