There is presently no vaccine against trypanosomiasis.

Commonly used measures against the disease include the use of prophylactic trypanocidal (animal form of the disease) and curative (both human and animal forms) drugs, and the exploitation of trypanotolerant livestock breeds. Interventions against tsetse flies are based on methods that reduce fly population density in a given area. If and where fly populations are isolated - the areawide integrated intervention approach can be envisaged to create sustainable tsetse-free zone. The latter appears particularly attractive, as it permits the definite elimination of the vector from the targeted area.

It cannot be overemphasized that the integration and adaptation of the various control measures to the local prevailing environmental and agro-ecological conditions give optimum results.

It is also important to stress that maximization of possible benefits from intervention requires - beyond a sound analysis of the technical feasibility - proper appreciation of the causal relationship between poverty and tsetse related development constraints. It derives that the design and implementation of intervention programmes must be conceived in the context of SARD.