المنتدى العالمي المعني بالأمن الغذائي والتغذية

English translation below

La stratégie "Chaîne de valeur favorable à la nutrition" se trouve déjà dans l'approche EBAFOSA (Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly) initiée et lancée par le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnement en juillet 2015 (voir fichier attaché). L'EBAFOSA est une plateforme inclusive qui dispose de branches nationales dans tous les pays africains. J'en suis le Président pour le Bénin. Je crois que l'EBAFOSA constitue un cadre opérationnel, officiel et d'envergure sur lequel pourrait s'appuyer le "Groupe de travail des Agences basées à Rome" pour une promotion efficace de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle de l'Afrique; l'un des plus grandes poches de la malnutrition dans le monde.  

Pour ce qui concerne le modèle de stratégies et politiques en faveur du développement d'une chaîne de valeur qui tient compte des aspects nutritionnels qui est proposé, je trouve géniale l'idée de minimiser les pertes et gaspillages, tout comme la promotion d'une agriculture basée sur les écosystèmes (agroécologie). Je voudrais en plus indiquer ceci. Il y a deux approches théoriques d'intervention pour appuyer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle:

- la production accrue des spéculations de base pour lesquelles on n'a pas encore atteint l'autosuffisance alimentaire (le cas du riz et de la banane plantain en afrique de l'Ouest), et

- la promotion de la transformation agroalimentaire à base d'énergie propre (ce que prévoit EBAFOSA dans ses interventions) pour les spéculations pour lesquelles l'autosuffisance alimentaire est déjà atteinte, comme c'est le cas du manioc, de l'orange, de la mangue, de la tomate et de l'igname au Bénin.

The strategy « nutrition-sensitive value chain » was already present in the EBAFOSA (Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly) approach initiated and launched by the United Nations Environment Programme in July 2015 (see attached file). EBAFOSA is an inclusive platform with national branches in all the African countries. I am its President for Benin. I believe that EBAFOSA constitutes an operational, official and large-scale framework on which the "Rome-based Agencies Working Group" could be based for the effective promotion of food and nutrition security in Africa, one of the biggest pockets of malnutrition in the world. 

As for the model of strategies and policies for the development of the proposed value chain that takes into account the nutritional aspects, I find that it is an excellent idea to minimize losses and wastage,, as well as to promote an agriculture based on ecosystems (agroecology). I would also like to point out the following : Two theoretical approaches for intervention have been developed to support food and nutrition security :

- the increased production of staples for which food self-sufficiency has not yet been achieved (the case of rice and plantain in West Africa), and

- the promotion of agro-food processing based on clean energy (as proposed by EBAFOSA in its interventions) for staples for which food self-sufficiency has already been achieved, as is the case with cassava, orange, mango, tomato and yam in Benin.

English translation below

Consideró de máxima importancia que el valor nutricional de los alimentos debe ser incluido en las denominadas buenas prácticas agropecuarias BPA. Las BPA hacen mucho incapie en la seguridad del agricultor, lo cual está muy bien, pero olvidan incluir la importancia de la calidad nutricional del alimento que es el producto final de los sistemas de producción de alimentos. Calidad de las semillas, calidad del suelo y su importancia en la biodisponibilidad de micro elementos que como el hierro, zinc , selenio son deficientes en muchas poblaciones deberían estar incluidas en las BPA.

Specifying the nutritional value of food should be considered a good agricultural practice (GPA). For me, it is of utmost importance. GPAs are strongly focused on farmer’s safety -a sound approach- but they disregard the importance of the nutritional quality of food, the final outcome of food production systems. Taking into account the seeds quality, the soil quality and their impact in the bioavailability of microelements such as iron, zinc, or selenium - the shortage of which leads to nutritional deficiencies in many areas - , should be considered a GAP.

For "strategies and policies to enhance the demand for nutritious food" (CFS/2016/43/inf.21, p.3), I think that awareness-raising starting at very young age could be useful.  Children when understanding what nutritious food means for him/herself can share the knowledge home with other family members.  Knowledge sharing with a bottom-up approach can influence the behaviour of people and can complement public authorities' top-down approach to reduce malnutrition.

Thank you all to the contributors who participated this past week! The consultation will still be open until April 19, so we hope that others will keep writing in with their thoughts and experiences related to nutrition-sensitive value chains.

This week featured an impressive range of contributions, which was notable not only for describing the actions that can be taken by individual value chain actors (e.g. farmers, agribusinesses or governments), but also the relationships among different value chain actors and the more coordinated action we should seek to achieve, including through a more enabling environment. We were very happy to see that numerous contributors were able to share specific experiences they have had at country level working with value chains – these will be very informative for our work moving forward.

One key theme which continued this week was how value chains can benefit smallholder farmers more, i.e. how can smallholders capture more of the value (economic and nutritional) that is being created along a value chain? A couple different contributors shared useful experiences related to farmers’ organizations, associations or cooperatives, which enable smallholders to collectively negotiate purchase agreements as well as access vital inputs, including loans. An honest, transparent, mutually beneficial relationship between smallholders, purchasers (e.g. agribusinesses, processors, marketers, etc.), input providers (e.g. banks) and consumers is foundational, with several contributors noting the importance of traceability of raw materials and private sector colleagues also sharing their experience with more responsible sourcing and investing in smallholders livelihoods.

The experience from Cote d’Ivoire also described the precarious position farmers often find themselves in, but this time, among a less discussed group: urban market gardeners. While itself having developed as an innovative response to the food need generated by urbanization, urban gardening still contend with the consequences of urbanization (e.g. pollution) and lack of land tenure.

Indeed, addressing these issues can contribute to more nutrition-sensitive value chains via an income pathway, where smallholders are more empowered and earning better income, which could wind up getting spent on more nutritious food or health services. But what will it take to apply these types of models that are common in export-oriented cash crops to value chains for nutritious foods that also benefit local nutritionally vulnerable populations? Several contributors addressed this questions by stressing the importance of a business case for nutritious foods, which relies not only on creating demand among consumers (via awareness, labelling), but also working with producers, processors, etc. to increase their understanding of the benefits (including economic) of producing nutritious food.

Looking beyond value chains from a smallholder perspective, it is also important to consider what contribution value chains can make to the broader group of consumers through a market pathway. These also include many farmers who are net consumers, but also urban consumers or others who access food in markets or through other distributions channels supplied by food value chains. Colleagues from LANSA shared another framework for value chain interventions, which focuses specifically on the link between distribution and consumption post-farm gate, and the role of markets, informal sector and SMEs. We believe this framework can be complementary to the one we have presented in our background paper, by focusing on the effectiveness of interventions as well as bottlenecks and incentives that might determine positive private and public action for nutrition in this key phase of the value chain.

A key step that is required for nutrition-sensitive value chains, however, is still to define what the nutrition problem is. Various commodities can be selected and various actions taken at different stages to enhance nutritional value, but which are likely to be the most cost-effective at addressing particular drivers of malnutrition in a given context? Linking value chain actions more closely with nutrition assessment and analysis would not only be part of making them more nutrition-sensitive, but also making them more nutrition-smart. We are grateful to hear any experiences the forum participants may have had with linking nutrition assessment to value chain actions, including through commodity selection or other strategies.

Thanks again for the great participation and we look forward to more contributions, especially for those who may have some educational experiences to share with us!

A warm and kind greeting for you,

Dear Reader

1) What challenges and opportunities arise when Value Chains are formed to make them more sensitive to nutrition?

CHALLENGES

- Generate raw materials 100% healthy, free of man-made chemicals for the treatment of pests, diseases of consumption sources.

- Raising awareness among communities about the contraindications generated by excessive consumption of industrially produced sugars that are not natural

- Normatize (whereas large multinationals which economically benefit from the use of sugars in products intended for human consumption) do not promote the consumption of such products and promote the consumption of fresh foods

OPPORTUNITIES

- The promotion by academic institutions of social support by young professionals through the dissemination and implementation of models for the assurance of product quality

- Design and support in the creation of traceability systems that allow to have the highest control over each raw material used for food production as well as the reduction of the use of artificial additives and preservatives in both small and medium production plants and big

- Direct honest work between large marketers, processors and food processors and agricultural producers, which seeks the sustainable development of regions.

2) What examples of CVCN approaches can you share and what lessons can be learned from them? Examples can come from:

2.1) Governments: policies, regulatory frameworks, etc.

2.2) Development actors: development projects, public-private partnerships, etc.

2.3) Private sector: nutritional products for the base of the pyramid, market for nutrition, etc.

In Colombia a country where one of its main economic activities is agriculture, for at least 9 decades has been consolidating associations of producers where it is sought to fulfill as much as possible with the objective of producing sustainable food with the highest standards of quality.

It is important to recognize the role played by these institutions, which are dedicated not only to promoting production but also to generating added value where all actors in the value chain benefit, but mainly farmers.

A clear example of the union of all these efforts is the association and nongovernmental organization that today represents more than 555,000 coffee families in Colombia, founded in 1927 with the mission of "to ensure the welfare and improvement of the quality of life of those who Represents the coffee federation for 90 years has been the main guild of Colombia, with presence in all rural areas where coffee is produced in the country.

Its central axis is the coffee producer and his family, so that their business is sustainable, coffee communities strengthen their social fabric and Colombian coffee continues to be considered the best in the world "(Fedecafe, 2004). Of different actions seeks to increase the quality of life of Colombian coffee producers.

For this reason, the FNC is present among other fields in the investigation, through cenicafe to optimize production costs and to maximize the quality of the coffee, in the technical accompaniment to the producers through the extension service, in the regulation and commercialization of the coffee To optimize the price paid to the producer and in the execution of trade programs for the benefit of the producer, the community, and the environment.

This federation has a clear commitment and vision of social development, whose axis has been called sustainability in action. This implies giving importance and commitment to the social, economic and environmental axes to help coffee growers and their families to have a life project associated with the coffee business, research and transfer programs are aimed at generating relevant and easy technologies Implementation by Colombian coffee producers.

More than half a million producers have access to services such as the purchase guarantee, which becomes viable thanks to the commercialization of Colombian coffee by the association, the organization has also been a leader in developing Advertising and Promotion programs so that Consumers know and demand Colombian coffee. In addition, the policies implemented to generate greater added value to producers have demonstrated a leadership that few organizations in the rural world of developing countries have been able to replicate.

The coffee growers promoted by growers in the face of complaints and inconveniences derived from free trade agreements, the revaluation of the peso (Colombian national currency), illegal smuggling, rising fertilizer costs, falling international prices The products, which was solved with the support of the National Government.

In recent years, activities such as the national cup quality contest, national preparatory championships, national championships to the best crops, which seek to bring more benefits to the producers have been carried out and the efforts continue, as the adverse effects continue Being the same as the consequences of climate change, the recent termination of the longest internal conflict in the world, which means that a gap is opened that does not take advantage of what should be done through the creation of jobs and contributions to society Of the actors in the conflict would result in a higher level of poverty in the regions.

These efforts generated by the association are also aimed at the consumer to obtain a product of higher quality, from which the same consumer receives all the benefits and nutritional contributions of the product without generating any type of damage or contraindication in his body.

These benefits have already been studied and endorsed by both public and private institutions and which we can mention below.

United States Food Guide Advisory Committee

Panel of independent experts appointed by the FDA

Secretary of Health of the USA

3) Does the framework presented in the discussion paper help you identify barriers and opportunities for the development of CVCN? What would be needed to make the framework more operational?

Develop a general action plan understandable by the populations, define medium-term times, delegate and execute tasks and activities in order to fulfill the objectives set in the established times. Governments should commit to the development or implementation of this action plan.

As a public policy which should be legislated and defined as a law, as well as create both institutions that implement this plan and if they already exist promote

Public and private partnerships with institutions of education from the lowest levels of education to the professional university degree.

And paying closer attention to the latter, where academic institutions as a requirement of degree to their professionals generate a result of impact given by social contributions, (As a compulsory social service applied to lines of emphasis in accordance with university careers. )

Implement and validate compliance with the aforementioned "strategies and policies to improve the supply of nutritious foods" (CFS, 2016): where it is possible to implement strategies aimed at the development of the standard CV, such as:

Improvement in the quality of products and processes (production efficiency, productivity, and reduced impact on the environment);

The functional improvement (opportunities to add value, both in the processing, packaging, marketing distribution and final disposal of waste)

In the report on "INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAINS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IMPROVED RESULTS OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION - REFERENCE DOCUMENT published by The World Food Security Committee, 2016; Figure 1 Strategies and policies for the development of the value chain that takes into account nutrition "it takes a last link in the value chain which being the last one is not less important and is the DISPECTION OF THE RECIITS generated by Food as it is also a link that affects society because of the impact it generates and the imbalance it causes.

It is therefore imperative that each link in the chain be monitored and controlled within the proposed implementation plan.

Nestlé would like to thank the FAO Global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition for giving us the opportunity to participate in this discussion on how value chains can improve nutritional outcomes for society. The private sector is an important partner that can work with governments and civil society to develop initiatives throughout the value chain from the sourcing of food, to manufacturing and delivering safe and nutritious foods to close the nutrition gap.

Within this context, we hope these brief examples stimulate further discussion on how value chains can contribute to improving nutrition so that more solutions and actions can be taken to address this challenging issue.

Responsible sourcing

We source supplies of ingredients from millions of farmers globally. By understanding and managing where and how our ingredients are produced, and the issues farmers and their communities face, we can better support rural development and farmer livelihoods.

Our sourcing strategy has two main components, delivered through Farmer Connect and responsible sourcing.  Farmer Connect helps to ensure the supply of high-quality agricultural raw materials, along with providing traceability back to farm level. It enables us to engage with 719,000 farmers globally so that we can develop a supply chain that meets our social, environmental and ethical requirements. It also helps towards establishing consistent and fair pricing, improved yields and reduced environmental impacts, while empowering farmers and improving their livelihoods through activities such as training, developing alternative income streams and supporting women and young farmers.

Responsible sourcing consists of sourcing our raw materials and paper in compliance with our Responsible Sourcing Guideline (RSG) criteria, and is aimed at achieving traceability and transparency throughout our supply chains. It also sets minimum standards for economic, social and environmental issues that can affect supply, livelihoods and sustainability in our sourcing activities.

Enhancing farmer livelihoods

We understand that many farmers live on low incomes and farming is not always seen as a desirable career option. However, safe, high-quality food goes together with healthy farms and communities, which is why we are focused on addressing the root causes of these issues and creating an enabling environment to enhance farmers’ livelihoods.

We use a range of diagnostic tools such as our Response-Inducing Sustainability Evaluation (RISE) and Rural Development Framework (RDF) to assess and understand farmers’ needs. These tools help us identify and understand areas for intervention. The findings then guide our work to address issues that challenge farmers. Through our flagship Farmer Connect programme we engage directly with farmers to source our raw materials, all the while enhancing their livelihoods.  For example, we are designing programmes to support farmers and their families to improve food availability and diversity. We train farmers on nutrition, promote intercropping, and help farmers develop and maintain kitchen gardens and livestock.

In 2016, we introduced the concept of house gardening and growing vegetables for home use in Indonesia. We are also taking our Nestlé Healthy Kids programme to rural areas in Indonesia, the Philippines and Kenya. We continue working with Solidaridad to improve food security for farmers in Kenya and Ethiopia by increasing production and incomes. Solidaridad trains farmers on nutrition and coffee production, and developing intercropping to improve incomes, while we are developing training and support for kitchen gardens to improve nutrition.

Fortification

We fortify foods and beverages such as condiments, children’s milks and cereals to provide additional nourishment for vulnerable groups such as school-age children and expectant mothers.

These products are all effective carriers for micronutrient fortification because they are consumed widely and frequently, building on existing eating habits. We focus our efforts on regions that face some of the largest burden of micronutrient deficiencies such as Africa and South East Asia. Of the 207 billion servings provided in 2016, 121 billion were fortified with iron (an annual increase of 23%), 113 billion with iodine (an 8% increase), 27 billion with zinc and 42 billion with vitamin A. Products can be fortified with one or several micronutrients.

For example, the popularity and market reach of our Maggi product range give us a solid platform for helping tackle micronutrient deficiencies at scale. Almost 103 billion individual servings of Maggi soups, condiments, seasonings and noodles were fortified in 2016, of which 59 billion were fortified with iron.

Biofortification

Through our engagement in support of biofortification, we use and promote varieties of crops that are naturally rich in micronutrients. Beyond their use in Nestlé products, these crops are intended for populations, particularly in developing countries, that conventional fortification (with nutrients added during food processing) may not be able to reach.

Biofortification is a lengthy process that involves breeding and selecting enriched crop varieties, and engaging with distribution partners and farmers. Establishing biofortified crops in local markets can take a decade or two. In the past few years, we have worked with other society stakeholders to develop supply chains for biofortified crops, and we have started using these materials in some of our recipes.

We are focusing on the most promising biofortified crops - maize, wheat, sweet potato and rice. For example, we are establishing a supply chain for vitamin A-rich maize in north Nigeria, where the average yield of maize in Nigeria is only 1–2 tonnes per hectare. These new varieties, developed by HarvestPlus through the CGIAR centers, have higher yields.  By creating the commercial pull by using these fortified crops in our own supply chain, this will help to improve the nutritional status of the local communities and farmers since part of the crop is used for their own consumption. The goal is to replace common varieties of staple crops with nutrient-rich alternatives, improving access to nutrition almost by default.

Thank you for giving us the opportunity to share with your our work. The health of our company is intrinsically linked to the health and resilience of the society we operate in.  For more information please visit http://www.nestle.com/csv/what-is-csv

In my opinion the discussion paper is one of the most useful CFS publications ever - comprehensive, analytical, practical, and to the point. A big "thanks" to the working group!

Helvetas has worked for decades on inclusive value chains in over 30 countries, and more recently applied a specific nutrition focus. Since most value chains are driven by private sector entities that often focus on specific commodities (in order to use economies of scale), a big challenge is to identify the business case for diversification and for the production of nutritious foods. The example of an organic and fairtrade rice project in India and Thailand shows that diversification into nutritious crops grown in rotation with the focus crop enables farmers to improve diets as well as incomes ("climbing the value ladder"), provides business opportunities to local processors and traders (e.g. selling pulses and vegetables in local markets) and even drives innovation among specialized companies (e.g. launching rice-pulse mixtures).

Nutrition sensitive approaches seem easier to implement in initiatives driven by development actors. The Nutrition in Mountain Agroecosystems Project under the Swiss Global Program Food Security successfully promotes diversified ecological farming and value chains by assisting rural service providers and advocating for conducive environments. Both projects simultaneously pursue the three pathways indicated in the paper: raising smallholder incomes, increasing their own production of nutritious foods and increasing their availability in local and regional markets.

In both cases (private sector and development initiatives), awareness raising among producers AND consumers is key in order to ensure that people increasingly choose nutritious and sustainably produced food. Initiatives to raise "food literacy" among consumers, such as the ones launched under the Sustainable Food Systems Program (Food for Life, My Food Skills and Sustainable Gastronomy Sector) are important to enhance the demand-pull that in the end determines whether or not producers and businesses engage in nutritious food value chains.

Last but not the least a hypothesis that may further add value to the paper: Scaling-up of sustainable food value chains and systems that are "good for people and planet" requires four factors to work together: 1) Know-how at the production and value chain level, 2) Market demand, 3) a Conducive policy environment, and 4) Multi-stakeholder collaboration (see discussion paper of the Swiss National FAO Committee).

I look forward to your feedback!

English translation below

Je suis DEPO Adébayo, Ingénieur Agronome.



1) Les enjeux pouvant se présenter au cours du développement de chaînes de valeur plus sensibles à la nutrition sont : la perte des micro éléments essentiels pour l'organisme et des éléments additifs comme les fibres qui facilitent la digestion, la perte de la biodisponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans l'aliment, la fabrication des aliments très riches en calories.

Les opportunités vont de la production aux consommateurs. Ceci crée de la plus value à chaque acteurs du système, diversification du  marché, réduction des maladies d'ordre nutritionnel et aussi amélioration des maillons de la chaîne.



2) Au TOGO nous avions plusieurs cas de ces chaînes de valeur favorables à la nutrition. La société Nioto productrice d'huile de coton adopte la technique de la fortification en vitamine A. Nous avons la structure Aliment fortifié qui transforme le maïs en farine de maïs fortifié. Actuellement la feuille de morina oleifera est très prisée et actuellement elle est séchée à température basse pour éviter la perte des vitamines et minéraux.



3) Les éléments nécessaires sont de plusieurs ordre : éducatif, logistique, financier et autres.

Il faut que les acteurs de ces maillons soient tous formés dans le domaine pour pouvoir connaître les exigences du produit à transformer, les nutriments sensible et les moyens pour les conserver. Les moyens financiers des acteurs peuvent jouer sur les moyens ou méthodes de conservation et transport à appliquer.



4) Les obstacles sont ceux cités au troisième point. Et la résolution de ces obstacles permettra de rendre le modèle plus fiable, formel et reproduisable.



Adebayo Ajadi DEPO

Ingénieur Agronome

Technologue Alimentaire

My name is DEPO Adebayo, Agricultural Engineer.



1) The issues that could arise in the process of developing nutrition-sensitive value chains are: the loss of micro-elements essential to the human body and additional elements like fibers which aid digestion, the loss of the bio-availability of the nutritive elements in food, the production of food saturated in calories.

The opportunities arise from producters through to the consumers. This creates added value for each actor in the system, market diversification, reduction of nutritional related illnesses and also, improvement of the links in the chain.



2) In TOGO we have several cases of nutrition-sensitive value chains. The Nioto Company, a producer of cotton oil, adopted the technique of fortifying with Vitamin A.  We have the system called Fortified Food which transforms maize into fortified maize flour.  At present, the leaf of the moringa oleifera [behn tree or horseradish tree] is much appreciated and is nowadays dried at low temperature to prevent the loss of vitamins and minerals.



3) The necessary elements are of various kinds: educational, logistical, financial, and others.

It is necessary that the actors of these chains are all trained in the subject to know the demands of the product to be transformed, the sensitive nutrients and the means to conserve them. The financial means of actors can have a bearing on the means or methods of conservation and transport to be applied.



4) The obstacles are those mentioned in point 3 above. Solving these obstacles will facilitate the creation of a more reliable, formal and reproducible model.



Adebayo Ajadi DEPO

Agricultural Engineer

Food Technologist

Many interesting comments were already made. I only want to briefly add a few minor and very down-to-earth points:

- Household food security, objective and subjective, as well as quantitative (enough food) and qualitative (enough diversity and nutritional adequacy), could be considered as prominent  indicator of successful nutrition-sensitive value chains for the food systems.

- Beyond food production, adequate transport  and processing are essential to limit food losses and enhance the nutritional value of local foods. Local and efficient (and limited) processing of local foods may not have received the attention it deserves, for instance in French-speaking West Africa, possibly because of the competition by international food industries which reap the profit margins of food processing.

- Nutrition-sensitive food processing technologies exist but may not be adopted, perhaps because of their cost. Let me give 3 examples: 1) The technology for refining red palm oil while preserving its natural antioxidans including provitamin A carotenoids was developed in Malaysia. Why is it not used for instance in Côte d'Ivoire? 2) I am not sure that  parboiling in order for the rice to retain some of its B-vitamins is used in African firms processing the rice; 3) Lactic fermentation, sprouting and dextrinization could be more widely used in food processing, particularly for the industrial or semi-industrial development of local complementary foods with enhanced nutritional value.

I wish to point out the contribution of a better management of farming contrats between cooperatives (hundreds of farmers), agribusinesses (processing units) and financial banks. The idea is that the producers should be able to express his needs to the agribusiness, and also to receive part of the final produce from the agribusiness.

My opinion is introduced below. 

CONTRIBUTION OF CONTRACT FARMING IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE NUTRITION THROUGH VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT

This paper points out the proposal of «an improvement of food and nutrition through a better management of value chain using contract farming » from a Farmer + Agribusiness + Bank nexus.

The organization of producers into cooperatives makes it easy for agribusinesses

(who do the processing of their productions) to follow them up in their activities at the production level in other to guarantee the supply of their productions to the above. On the field, the agribusiness, which is credible at the level of conventional banks take loans, and give to the cooperatives (association of hundreds of small farmers). These farmers in return satisfy the agribusiness with a supply on time, quality, standard, and quantity with the inputs mandatory for the sustainability of activities of these agribusinesses.

We should arrive to a situation where an agribusiness gets part of its production command order from the FARMERS who supply the main input. This command of finished products from farmers stands as an expression of their needs. Practically, from the production and supply, the payment by the agribusiness to the producers should be special. The first payment should be a given percentage of agricultural inputs for the new farming season. The second part of their payment should be paid in term of processed food from their produce like nutritional drinks, cakes, oils, flour, drinks, etc. The third payment should be in cash. For the case of maize for example, the farmers supplying the maize should first express their needs, and this should constitute the best argument to select the agribusiness partner, the sale of their products should follow the normal process but the payment should be done at x% in kind of processed products obtained. For the case of maize, payment should be done in terms of flour, nutritional cool drinks, nutritive supplements, cakes, food drinks, etc. The second part of the payment should be in terms of inputs needed for new production campaign, and lastly the third part should be paid to the farmers in cash.

To conclude, this nexus will be facilitated if there is a fourth partner (an international organization or government institution) that will help the agribusiness if the bank’s procedure is taking a longer time. This partnership will have as consequences, an increase in production of food, a better orientation of agribusinesses (processing unit) to the needs of populations, an improvements of wellbeing of producers through a better enjoyment of their produces and lastly a sustainable agricultural activities.