Sfax, second city of Tunisia, is considered as the economic pole of the country. Its economic dynamism and its open port on the Mediterranean give it a place of choice on the international market. However, it faces many problems: uncontrolled industrialization causing pollution of the soil and the sea, arid climate limiting the development of local agriculture, changing diets, illegal fishing techniques threatening the fishery resource. Despite this, in a post-revolution context, civil society is getting organized, the first municipal elections held in 2018 and the result of the presidential elections of 2019 hold out hope for better local development in the territories.