This document presents the Chilean National Project Framework of a global initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) concerning Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Chile’s Chiloé agriculture is one of the pilot GIAHS, featuring the traditional agricultural practices and indigenous management systems of native potatoes and the multiple goods and services associated with the system. The project responds to the GEF strategic long-term objective of Biodiversity, which is to mainstream biodiversity in production landscapes/seascapes and sectors. The project shall promote the positive impacts and mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural systems and practices on biological diversity in agro-ecosystems and their interface with other ecosystems; the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of actual and potential value for food and agriculture; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources. The preparatory phase of the project has been facilitated and organised by the Educational and Technology Centre, which managed to interest both national and local stakeholders to take part in the project. The project preparatory phase (2005-2006) has been carried out with the support from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) through a PDF-B grant. This document presents the general framework of Chiloé agriculture for the full scale project implementation.