This paper investigates the effect of a cluster-planting pattern on intraspecific interactions and tests whether cluster planting can modify the type and intensity of intraspecific interactions, thus increasing yield. The growth characteristics of different organs of cotton under cluster and traditional planting patterns were studied and the effect of different hole distances on intraspecific interactions were analyzed. Compared to traditional planting pattern of one plant in a hole, cluster planting resulted in a significantly reduced stem growth with decreasing distance. Highest leaf growth and yield were found at a 28 cm hole distance separation. Different hole distances significantly changed the relative neighbor effect (RNE): the stem RNE increased then decreased with decreasing hole distance, but the values were all negative and the intensity of the negative effect was minimal with the 28 cm hole distance. Leaf and yield RNE were positive and the intensity of the positive effect was maximal with the 28 cm hole distance. In summary, cluster planting may affect intraspecific interactions. This facilitation is maximal for yield of cotton with 28 cm hole distance.