This publication is a record of the proceedings of the Siem Reap Workshop and Symposium. It provides a bottom-up perspective on how rights are understood, and what rights are seen as important by small-scale fishing communities, if they are to fulfil their responsibilities for managing resources in a sustainable and equitable manner. In preparation for the meeting, case studies were undertaken in six countries—Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand—focusing on rights and responsibilities of fishing communities. These studies, which formed the basis for discussions at the Workshop and Symposium, are being published separately, as individual case studies.