The role played by women in agriculture is decisive. The FAO estimates that they contribute half of the world’s food production1 . They are often responsible for the preparation of the land, watering, harvesting, storage, processing, and packaging, as well as for the supply of water and the administrative and accounting management of farms. In addition, they are responsible for domestic and community life. These multiple tasks, costly in terms of time and energy, are poorly recognized and rarely paid. In addition, in many countries, women have limited access to natural resources and land and are not involved in decision-making, limiting their autonomy which is already very restrained by social norms. In India, where they suffer strong discrimination, women play a leading role in the selection, conservation, and multiplication of farmers’ seed varieties, which contribute to the preservation of local biodiversity. Recognizing the role of women is essential, for themselves as well as for society, and more globally for the environment and biodiversity. It is for these reasons that SOL supports the development of farmer and solidarity-based agroecological models in India that recognize and value the central role of women.