Economic shocks including food price shocks, environmental shocks, social shocks, political shocks, health shocks, and many other types of shocks hit poor people and communities around the world, compromising their efforts to improve their well-being. As shocks evolve and become more frequent or intense, they further threaten people’s food and nutrition security and their livelihoods. How do we help people and communities to become more resilient, to not only bounce back from shocks but to also to get ahead of them and improve their well-being so that they are less vulnerable to the next shock? How do we get better at coping with—and even thriving—in the presence of shocks? In May 2014, IFPRI and its 2020 Vision Initiative organized an international conference “Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. About 800 people from communities who work on resilience and vulnerability , as well as food and nutrition security, agriculture, humanitarian, and related development sectors came together to assess emerging shocks that threaten food and nutrition security, discuss approaches and tools for building resilience, identify knowledge and action gaps, and set priorities for action on this critical issue. This book brings together the peer-reviewed background briefs prepared for the conference along with an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the key issues and a concluding chapter that identifies the key knowledge gaps and highlights the policy and program actions needed to address specific shocks. We hope this book will inform, influence, and inspire individuals and organizations to improve the policies, programs, and institutions needed to strengthen resilience so that food and nutrition security can be achieved for all.