Central Asia is one of the oldest areas of human civilization. Uzbekistan is home to several sites of ancient irrigated agriculture. Archaeological data indicate that by the end of the 2nd millennium BCE in the delta region of the Amu Darya river, the agricultural civilization of ancient Khorezm already had a highly developed irrigated agriculture with a complex system of irrigation canals and wheat was widely cultivated (Tolstov 1948, Andrianov 1969). In the north and east of the Fergana Valley, where the fertility of the soil and an abundance of mountain rivers allowed the irrigation of large areas, numerous stone pit granaries, that could hold up to 2 t of wheat or barley were found, along with grain grinders and bronze sickles (Bernshtam 1951). Also at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, wheat was widely cultivated in what is now the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan.