The new types of successful cooperative structures developed in European countries have stimulated a dialogue within Romania on the benefits and the opportunities brought by these structures. This subject is highly relevant for us taking into account that in a capitalized economy, agriculture is a simple and efficient response to its needs. Using case studies for different types of agricultural forms of cooperation, we outlined the main issues encountered in this field and we proposed systemic solutions which could generate a proliferation of cooperatives. Our results concern different pylons of efficiency such as institutional, fiscal, financial or social pylon. In order to effectively response to the economic dynamic, Romanian cooperatives must adapt to an extended and complex environment and must have the ability to find performance among resource-poor populations.