FAOLEX Database

European Union - Country Profiles

Policies

Nationally Determined Contribution of the European Union and its Member States (EU NDC).
Date of text: 05 November 2025
European Water Resilience Strategy.
Date of text: 04 June 2025
European Preparedness Union Strategy.
Date of text: 26 March 2025
Action Plan for Affordable Energy.
Date of text: 26 February 2025
The Clean Industrial Deal: A joint roadmap for competitiveness and decarbonisation.
Date of text: 26 February 2025

Legislation

Agricultural and rural development

Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007.
Date of text: 30 May 2018 (17 January 2022)
Regulation (EU) 2021/2115 establishing rules on support for strategic plans to be drawn up by Member States under the common agricultural policy (CAP Strategic Plans) and financed by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1305/2013 and (EU) No 1307/2013.
Date of text: 02 December 2021 (18 January 2024)
Regulation (EU) No. 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No. 922/72, (EEC) No. 234/79, (EC) No. 1037/2001 and (EC) No. 1234/2007.
Date of text: 17 December 2013 (11 April 2024)
Regulation (EU) 2024/1468 amending Regulations (EU) 2021/2115 and (EU) 2021/2116 as regards good agricultural and environmental condition standards, schemes for climate, environment and animal welfare, amendment of the CAP Strategic Plans, review of the CAP Strategic Plans and exemptions from controls and penalties.
Date of text: 14 May 2024
Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/2472 declaring certain categories of aid in the agricultural and forestry sectors and in rural areas compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Date of text: 14 December 2022

Climate change

Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (18 October 2023)
Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC.
Date of text: 13 October 2003 (29 February 2024)
Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 establishing a Union certification framework for permanent carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products.
Date of text: 27 November 2024
Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No. 525/2013 and Decision No. 529/2013/EU.
Date of text: 30 May 2018 (21 April 2023)
Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the geological storage of carbon dioxide.
Date of text: 23 April 2009

Cultivated plants

Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilising products and amending Regulations (EC) No. 1069/2009 and (EC) No. 1107/2009 and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 2003/2003.
Date of text: 05 June 2019 (04 March 2024)
Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 of the European Parliament and of the Council on protective measures against pests of plants, amending Regulations (EU) No. 228/2013, (EU) No. 652/2014 and (EU) No. 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 69/464/EEC, 74/647/EEC, 93/85/EEC, 98/57/EC, 2000/29/EC, 2006/91/EC and 2007/33/EC.
Date of text: 26 October 2016 (27 November 2024)
Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC and 91/414/EEC.
Date of text: 21 October 2009 (31 August 2022)
Council Regulation (EC) No. 2100/94 on Community plant variety rights.
Date of text: 27 July 1994 (20 December 2007)
Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council on official controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products.
Date of text: 15 March 2017 (27 November 2024)

Disaster risk management

Regulation (EU) 2021/241 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
Date of text: 12 February 2021 (27 February 2023)
Regulation (EU) 2020/460 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 March 2020
Date of text: 30 March 2020
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/441 providing for emergency financial support for the agricultural sectors affected by adverse climatic events and natural disasters in Spain, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia and Hungary, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013.
Date of text: 06 March 2025
Commission implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/466 of 30 March 2020 on temporary measures to contain risks to human, animal and plant health and animal welfare during certain serious disruptions of Member States’ control systems due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Date of text: 30 March 2020
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/341 laying down rules for the implementation of Article 6a of Regulation (EU) 2020/2220 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards checks and penalties.
Date of text: 20 February 2025

Environment

Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste, amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2019/904, and repealing Directive 94/62/EC.
Date of text: 19 December 2024
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (18 October 2023)
Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial and livestock rearing emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control).
Date of text: 24 November 2010 (24 April 2024)
Directive 2009/41/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms.
Date of text: 06 May 2009
Regulation (EC) No. 1367/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies.
Date of text: 06 September 2006 (06 October 2021)

Fisheries and aquaculture

Regulation (EU) No. 1380/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Common Fisheries Policy, amending Council Regulations (EC) No. 1954/2003 and (EC) No. 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulations (EC) No. 2371/2002 and (EC) No. 639/2004 and Council Decision 2004/585/EC.
Date of text: 11 December 2013 (14 December 2022)
Regulation (EU) 2019/1241 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of fisheries resources and the protection of marine ecosystems through technical measures.
Date of text: 20 June 2019 (19 July 2022)
Council Regulation (EC) No. 1005/2008 establishing a Community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, amending Regulations (EEC) No. 2847/93, (EC) No. 1936/2001 and (EC) No. 601/2004 and repealing Regulations (EC) No. 1093/94 and (EC) No. 1447/1999.
Date of text: 29 September 2008 (22 November 2023)
Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (23 November 2022)
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health ("Animal Health Law").
Date of text: 09 March 2016 (25 July 2018)

Food and nutrition

Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council on official controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products.
Date of text: 15 March 2017 (27 November 2024)
Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the hygiene of foodstuffs.
Date of text: 29 April 2004 (03 March 2021)
Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down specific hygiene rules for the hygiene of foodstuffs.
Date of text: 29 April 2004 (26 October 2022)
Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety
Date of text: 28 January 2002 (17 January 2024)
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007.
Date of text: 30 May 2018 (17 January 2022)

Forestry

Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation and repealing Regulation (EU) No 995/2010.
Date of text: 31 May 2023
Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No. 525/2013 and Decision No. 529/2013/EU.
Date of text: 30 May 2018 (21 April 2023)
Council Regulation (EC) No. 2173/2005 on the establishment of a FLEGT licensing scheme for imports of timber into the European Community.
Date of text: 20 December 2005 (05 June 2019)
Commission Decision (EU) 2015/1158 on the position to be taken by the Commission, on behalf of the European Union, in the Joint Implementation Committee set up by the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Indonesia on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade in timber products into the European Union as regards the amendments to the Annexes I, II, and V of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Indonesia.
Date of text: 08 July 2015
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 607/2012 on the detailed rules concerning the due diligence system and the frequency and nature of the checks on monitoring organisations as provided for in Regulation (EU) No. 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the obligations of operators who place timber and timber products on the market.
Date of text: 06 July 2012

Gender

Directive (EU) 2024/1500 on standards for equality bodies in the field of equal treatment and equal opportunities between women and men in matters of employment and occupation, and amending Directives 2006/54/EC and 2010/41/EU.
Date of text: 14 May 2024
Directive (EU) 2023/970 to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms.
Date of text: 10 May 2023
Directive 2010/41/EU of the European Parliament and f the Council of 7 July 2010 on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity in a self-employed capacity and repealing Council Directive 86/613/EEC.
Date of text: 07 July 2010

Indigenous peoples

Regulation (EU) 2015/1775 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No. 1007/2009 on trade in seal products and repealing Commission Regulation (EU) No. 737/2010.
Date of text: 06 October 2015

Land and soil

Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on integrated coastal zone management: a strategy for Europe.
Date of text: 27 September 2000
Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No. 525/2013 and Decision No. 529/2013/EU.
Date of text: 30 May 2018 (21 April 2023)
Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC.
Date of text: 09 March 2011 (16 June 2014)
Council Regulation (EC) No. 78/2008 on the measures to be undertaken by the Commission in 2008-2013 making use of the remote-sensing applications developed within the framework of the common agricultural policy.
Date of text: 21 January 2008
Commission Decision 2000/479/EC on the implementation of a European pollutant emission register (EPER) according to Article 15 of Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC).
Date of text: 17 July 2000

Livestock

Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (23 November 2022)
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health ("Animal Health Law").
Date of text: 09 March 2016 (25 July 2018)
Council Regulation (EC) No. 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing.
Date of text: 24 September 2009 (16 May 2018)
Regulation (EC) No. 767/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the placing on the market and use of feed, amending European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 and repealing Council Directive 79/373/EEC, Commission Directive 80/511/EEC, Council Directives 82/471/EEC, 83/228/EEC, 93/74/EEC, 93/113/EC and 96/25/EC and Commission Decision 2004/217/EC.
Date of text: 13 July 2009 (05 December 2018)
Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council on official controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products.
Date of text: 15 March 2017 (27 November 2024)

Mineral resources and energy

Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (13 June 2024)
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.
Date of text: 11 December 2018 (18 October 2023)
Regulation (EU) 2024/1787 on the reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/942.
Date of text: 13 June 2024
Directive (EU) 2023/2413 amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 and Directive 98/70/EC as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources, and repealing Council Directive (EU) 2015/652.
Date of text: 18 October 2023
Directive (EU) 2023/1791 on energy efficiency and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955.
Date of text: 13 September 2023

Sea

Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive).
Date of text: 17 June 2008 (17 May 2017)
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on integrated coastal zone management: a strategy for Europe.
Date of text: 27 September 2000
Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning.
Date of text: 23 July 2014
Regulation (EU) 2023/1805 on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport, and amending Directive 2009/16/EC.
Date of text: 13 September 2023
Directive (EU) 2019/883 of the European Parliament and of the Council on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships, amending Directive 2010/65/EU and repealing Directive 2000/59/EC.
Date of text: 17 April 2019

Social protection

Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1296/2013.
Date of text: 24 June 2021
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 463/2014 laying down pursuant to Regulation (EU) No. 223/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived, the terms and conditions applicable to the electronic data exchange system between the Member States and the Commission.
Date of text: 05 May 2014
Regulation (EU) No. 223/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived.
Date of text: 11 March 2014
Regulation (EC) No. 1726/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council on development cooperation with South Africa.
Date of text: 29 June 2000
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 532/2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No. 223/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived.
Date of text: 13 March 2014

Water

Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration.
Date of text: 12 December 2006 (20 June 2014)
Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.
Date of text: 23 October 2000 (20 November 2014)
Directive (EU) 2024/3019 concerning urban wastewater treatment.
Date of text: 27 November 2024
Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption.
Date of text: 16 December 2020
Regulation (EU) 2020/741 of the European Parliament and of the Council on minimum requirements for water reuse.
Date of text: 25 May 2020

Wild species and ecosystems

Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869.
Date of text: 24 June 2024
Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species.
Date of text: 28 October 2014 (26 November 2016)
Regulation (EU) No. 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on compliance measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization in the Union.
Date of text: 16 April 2014
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds.
Date of text: 30 November 2009 (25 June 2019)
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein.
Date of text: 09 December 1996 (15 May 2023)

Miscellaneous

Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC.
Date of text: 25 October 2011
Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Date of text: 11 May 2005
Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724.
Date of text: 13 June 2024
Regulation (EU) 2021/1529 establishing the Instrument for Pre-Accession assistance (IPA III).
Date of text: 15 September 2021
Regulation (EU) 2021/819 on the European Institute of Innovation and Technology.
Date of text: 20 May 2021

International Agreements

Implementing Protocol to the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the Gabonese Republic and the European Community (2021-2026).
Date of text: 2021
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Seychelles.
Date of text: 24 February 2020
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Liberia.
Date of text: 09 December 2015