At level II, land and water productivity is monitored for a selected set of countries and river basins while distinguishing several main crops under irrigated or rainfed agriculture. Land productivity is expressed in terms of yield (kg/ha), water productivity is calculated as production per volume of water (kg/m³).  Water used for agricultural production is expressed in actual evapotranspiration, where a distinction is made between evapotranspiration originating from precipitation (‘green’ water) and incremental evaporation originating from irrigation (‘blue’ water).

At level III, land and water productivity is monitored for a selected set of areas including irrigation schemes to assess the functioning of the irrigation system and to propose improvements of these systems. The particularity of these areas is that they are connected to project tools and solutions co-development and capacity building activities with partner countries. At this level, land and water productivity is calculated similarly to level II. In addition, economic water productivity for multiple uses of water is assessed in terms of economic return per amount of irrigation water used. Indeed, water productivity plays a central role in the performance assessment of irrigation which is the basis of irrigation modernization. After modernization of an irrigation scheme, the water services provided to all water users should be more reliable, more cost effective, more adapted to increased climatic variability due to climate change and more environmentally friendly.

In the work that the project does with partner countries at spatial level III, special emphasis is given to the multiple uses of water services (MUS) in agriculture. MUS can provide the more vulnerable water users with low cost services for domestic water, water for homesteads, water for livestock, habitats for fish and other aquatic resources and rural enterprise water supplies. The multiple uses of water services often increases the economic productivity of water use in irrigation schemes. Within multiple uses of water services, gender relations are of main interest.