本节概述已推出的《国际农药管理行为守则》以及粮农组织/世卫组织技术准则，就《行为守则》具体条款以及农药管理相关技术方面的问题进行详细阐述。
The International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
The International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management (the Code of Conduct) serves as a voluntary framework on pesticide management for all public and private entities engaged in, or associated with, production, regulation and management of pesticides. It has been endorsed by FAO Members, and is supported by key pesticide industry associations and civil society organizations. It serves to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to regulate, evaluate and enforce effective control over pesticides, which are traded and used in their territories.
The Code of Conduct guides government regulators, the private sector, civil society and other stakeholders on best practices in managing pesticides throughout their lifecycle – from production to disposal –, particularly where there is inadequate or no national legislation to regulate pesticides. It is designed to be used within national legislation and describes:
- the shared responsibility of many sectors;
- the need for a cooperative effort;
- the need to strengthen capacity for its implementation;
- the standards of conduct for pesticide management, complementing the legally binding instruments on chemical management.
Technical guidelines have been issued to elaborate specific articles of the Code of Conduct and related technical aspects of pesticide management. These guidelines, developed by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management (JMPM), provide a framework to establish or strengthen national legislation, institutions, policies and strategies for pest and pesticide management.
The following guidelines have been developed to assist in the implementation of the Code of Conduct:
- Guidelines on compliance and enforcement of a pesticide regulatory programme [2006]: This guidance document is designed to collect in one place and provide a reasonably comprehensive source of compliance and enforcement guidance to support implementation of the International Code of Conduct.
- Guidelines on post-registration surveillance and other activities in the field of pesticides: These guidelines have been developed to address this need and ensure that the registration objectives are adequately met. The guidelines evolve from common post-registration practices in many countries, especially the following:
- Various monitoring activities
- Training programmes on safe use of pesticides
- Licensing schemes for pesticide handlers and companies
- Enforcement of regulations and suitable control measures
- Information exchange
- Monitoring and observance of the Code: These Guidelines are designed to provide a user-friendly approach for governments and other stakeholders, including NGOs, the pesticide industry, and other industries, to participate effectively in monitoring observance under the revised Code of Conduct. The Guidelines identify information to be gathered and ways to ensure that it will be accessible and used effectively to support further implementation of the Code of Conduct.
