可持续发展目标指标数据门户网站

指标12.3.1 - 全球糧食損失和浪費

可持续发展目标具体目标12.3有两个组成部分,损耗和浪费应用两个单独的指标来衡量。

子指标12.3.1.a- 粮食损耗指数

粮食损耗指数(FLI)为从生产到(不包括)零售水平的粮食损失状况。它所衡量的是一个由10种主要大宗商品组成的篮子与基准期相比的损失率变化。粮食损耗指数有助于衡量可持续发展目标具体目标12.3方面的进展状况。

子指标12.3.1.b- 廚餘指數

目前正在开发一项检测消费者或零售端浪费食品的方法。联合国环境规划署为此项子指标的领头人。

具体目标 12.3

到 2030 年,将零售和消费环节的全球人均粮食浪费减半,减少生产和供应环节的粮食损失,包括收获后的损失。

Sub-indicator 12.3.1a: Progress Assessment
Impact

This sub-indicator measures changes in the food losses from along the supply chain from the point of maturity on the production site to the retails level. The objective is to show the impact of policy and investment on the efficiency of the supply chain. FAO recommends collecting data for the various stages (harvest, post-production, storage, transportation, primary processing and wholesales) to help countries tailor programs to improve the efficiency and functioning of their food supply system. FAO also recommends a food systems approach that addresses food losses and waste in the context of other policy priorities.

关键信息

自2015年以来,全球在减少粮食损耗方面未见明显进展。

然而现有数据表明,全球减少粮食损耗的进展总体陷入停滞,甚至倒退。2023年全球粮食在收获后的农场、运输、储存、批发和加工环节损失的百分比约为13.3%,较2015年全球监测开始时的13%略有上升。这一微弱增幅属于模型振荡的预期范围,主要源于国家生产数据更新以及新获得或修订的国家层面估算数据所致。

如图33所示,2015至2023年间多数区域的粮食损耗水平均略有上升。东亚和东南亚区域例外,该区域平均值保持相对稳定(仅从13.8%微增至13.9%),这主要得益于东南亚出现小幅下降。北美和欧洲仍以10.0%的损失率保持最低水平(较2015年的9.4%有所上升),而撒哈拉以南非洲仍以23.0%居首(较22.1%上升)。其他高损失区域包括最不发达国家(19.9%)和小岛屿发展中国家(19.0%),均较2015年略有上升。这些损失率持续高企,反映出收获后基础设施和供应链存在系统性制约。

从全球范围看,不同农产品品类的损失模式存在显著差异。如图35所示,水果和蔬菜因易腐性和处理要求较高,损失率从2015年的23.2%升至2023年的25.4%,位居各品类之首。肉类和动物制品损耗率相对稳定,仅从13.9%微增至14.0%。块根块茎类及油料作物从12.6%降至12.3%,谷物和豆类则从8.5%小幅下降至8.4%。目前鱼类及鱼制品尚无损失估算数据。这些差异反映出不同产品的易腐性程度、供应链问题及基础设施限制等因素的影响。

亮点 (提供英文版)

MC_Target_12.3

Guidelines on the measurement of harvest and post-harvest losses:
Pilot surveys (Ethiopia):
Training materials: 
能力发展 (提供英文版)

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Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition: Food post-harvest losses
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Chiba (Japan)

Regional Training on the Measurement of Post-Harvest Losses in Asia and the Pacific
22/10/2019 - 24/10/2019

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Chiba (Japan)

Regional Workshop on Farm Survey Based SDG Indicators (2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.4.1, 5.a.1 and 12.3.1a)
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The overall goal of the regional workshop was to provide government officials responsible for SDG monitoring with capacity development in methodology,...

Cairo (Egypt)

Regional Workshop on Farm Survey Based SDG Indicators (2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.4.1, 5.a.1 and 12.3.1a)
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The overall goal of the regional workshop was to provide government officials responsible for SDG monitoring with capacity development in methodology,...

Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)

Regional Workshop on SDG Indicator 12.3.1a
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Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized a training for African countries on SDG Indicator 12.3.1a "Global food...

Roma (Italy)

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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized a training in FAO Headquarters on SDG Indicator 12.3.1.a. 

The...

Chiba (Japan)

Regional Training Course on the Measurement of Post-Harvest Losses in Asia and the Pacific
22/10/2018 - 24/10/2018

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized a regional training in Chiba, Japan for countries in the Asia and Pacific...