Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) Toolbox

Forest and Landscape Restoration

This module is intended for people involved in the restoration of forest cover at the landscape scale. It sets out the main steps involved in planning forest and landscape restoration, including decisions on the types of intervention to be used, where to intervene in the landscape, and how much restoration might be undertaken to achieve local-to-national objectives. The module reviews some of the technologies and institutional arrangements that are likely to be needed, and financial aspects. It provides links to tools for, and case studies of, effective restoration and rehabilitation efforts at the landscape scale.

Boedhihartono, A. K., & Sayer, J. 2012. Forest landscape restoration: restoring what and for whom? Pages 309-323 in J. A. Stanturf, D. Lamb, and P. Madsen, editors. Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrating Natural and Social Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht.

Boissau, S., Anh, H. L. & Castella, J. C. 2004. The SAMBA role play game in northern Vietnam: An innovative approach to participatory natural resource management. Mountain Research and Development 24:101-105.

Booth, T. H. 2012. Forest landscape restoration in Australia's Murray-Darling basin. Pages 355-371 in J. A. Stanturf, P. Madsen, and D. Lamb, editors. A Goal-Orientated Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration. Springer, Dordrecht.

Bourgoin, J., & Castella, J.C. 2011. “PLUP FICTION”: Landscape Simulation for Participatory Land Use Planning in Northern Lao PDR. Mountain Research and Development 31:78-88.

Brancalion, P., Viani, R.A., Strassburg,B. & Rodrigues, R. 2012. Finding the money for tropical forest restoration. Unasylva 63:239.

Brancalion, P. H., Viani, R. A., Calmon, M., Carrascosa, H. & Rodrigues, R. R. 2013. How to Organize a Large-Scale Ecological Restoration Program? The Framework Developed by the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact in Brazil. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 32:728-744.

Buck, L.E., Kozar, R., Recha, J., Desalegn, A., Planicka, C. & Hart, A.K. 2014. A Landscape Perspective on Monitoring & Evaluation for Sustainable Land Management. Trainers’ Manual. Washington, DC: EcoAgriculture Partners.

CBD. 2011. Introduction to the ecosystem approach. CBD, Montreal.

Castella, J. C., Trung, T. N. & Boissau, S. 2005. Participatory simulation of land-use changes in the northern mountains of Vietnam: the combined use of an agent-based model, a role-playing game, and a geographic information system. Ecology and Society 10:http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss11/art27/

Chavez-Tafur, J. & Zagt, R. J. (eds.). 2014. Towards Productive Landscapes. Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands. xx + 224 pp.

Chirwa, P.W., Larwanou, M., Syampungani, S. & Babalola, F.D. 2015. Management and restoration practices in degraded landscapes of Eastern Africa and requirements for up-scaling. International Forestry Review Vol.17 (S3): 20-30.

Chirwa, P.W., Larwanou, M., Syampungani, S. & Babalola, F.D. 2015. Management and restoration practices in degraded landscapes of Southern Africa and requirements for up-scaling. International Forestry Review Vol.17 (S3): 31-42.

Colombia - Departamento Técnico Administrativo del Medio Ambiente (DAMA). 2004. Guía técnica para la restauración ecológica en áreas con plantaciones forestales exóticas en el Distrito Capital. Bogotá D.C. 92 p.

Elliott, S. D., Blakesley, D. & Hardwick, K. 2013. Restoring Tropical Forests: a practical guide. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

FAO & GM-UNCCD. 2015. Sustainable Financing for Forest and Landscape Restoration - Opportunities, challenges and the way forward. Discussion paper.

FAO & GM-UNCCD. 2015. Sustainable financing for forest and landscape restoration - Key messages, an Infographics.

FAO & GM-UNCCD. 2015. Sustainable financing for forest and landscape restoration - Key messages, An Infographics.The Role of Publi Policy Makers. A public policy brief.

FAO. 2015. Towards effective national forest funds. FAO Forestry Paper 174.

Goldman, R. L., Thompson, B. H. & Daily, G. C. 2007. Institutional incentives for managing the landscape: Inducing cooperation for the production of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics 64:333-343.

Harper, R., Smettem, K. Townsend, P. Bartle, J. & McGrath, J. 2012. Broad-scale restoration of landscape function with timber, carbon and eater investment. Pages 275-292 in J. A. Stanturf, D. Lamb, and P. Madsen, editors. Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrating Natural and Social Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht.

ITTO. 2002. ITTO guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forests. ITTO Policy Development Series No 13. In collaboration with IUCN, WWF, CIFOR, FAO.

ITTO & IUCN. 2005. Restoring forest landscapes: an introduction to the art and science of forest landscape restoration. ITTO Technical Series No 23. International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, Japan.

Laestadius, l., Maginnis, S. Minnemeyer, S. Potapov, P. Saint-Laurent, C. & Sizer, N. 2011/2. Mapping opportunities for forest landscape restoration. Unasylva 62:47.

Lamb, D. (2014). Large-Scale Forest Restoration. Earthscan-Routledge, Abingdon.

Maginnis, S., Rietbergen-McCracken, J., Jackson, W. 2005. Introduction; Restoring Forest Landscapes: An Introduction to the Art and Science of Forest Landscape Restoration. Technical Series No. 23. Yokohama: ITTO. 

Maisharou, A., Chirwa, P.W., Larwanou, M., Babalola, F. & Ofoegbu, C. 2015. Sustainable land management practices in the Sahel: review of practices, techniques and  technologies for land restoration and strategy for up-scaling.  International Forestry Review Vol.17 (S3): 1-19.

Mansourian, S., Vallauri, D., & Dudley, N. 2005. Forest Restoration in Landscapes: Beyond Planting Trees. Springer, New York.

McVicar, T. R., Li, L., Van Niel, T. G., Zhang, L., Li, R., Yang, Q., Zhang, X., Mu, X., Wen, Z. & Liu, W. 2007. Developing a decision support tool for China's re-vegetation program: Simulating regional impacts of afforestation on average annual streamflow in the Loess Plateau. Forest Ecology and Management 251:65-81.

Nkonya, E., Mirzabeaev, A. & vonBraun, J. Eds. 2016. Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development.  Springer Intl. Pub. 695p.

Orsi, F., Church, R. L., & Geneletti, D. 2011. Restoring forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation and rural livelihoods: A spatial optimisation model. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:1622-1638.

Ostrom, E. 2010. Polycentric systems for coping with collective action and global environmental change. Global Environmental Change 20:550-557.

Pfund, J.-L. 2010. Landscape-scale research for conservation and development in the tropics: fighting persisting challenges. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2:117-126.

Porto, M., Correia, O. & Beja, P. 2014. Optimization of Landscape Services under Uncoordinated Management by Multiple Landowners. PLoS ONE 9:e86001.

Rietbergen-McCracken, J., Maginnis, S. & Sarre, A. (ed.). 2007. The Forest Landscape Restoration Handbook. Earthscan, London.

Sandker, M., Campbell, B. M., Ruiz-Pérez, M. J., Sayer, A., Cowling, R., Kassa, H. & Knight, A. T. 2010. The Role of Participatory Modeling in Landscape Approaches to Reconcile Conservation and Development. Ecology & Society 15.

Sayer, J., Bull, G. & Elliott, C. 2008. Mediating forest transitions; grand design or muddling through. Conservation and Society 6:320-327.

Sayer, J., Margules, C., Boedhihartono,  A. K.,  Dale, A., Sunderland, T., Supriatna, J. & Saryanthi, R. 2014. Landscape approaches; what are the pre-conditions for success? Sustainability Science 10:345-355.

Sayer, J., Sunderland, T., Ghazoul, J., Pfund, J.-L., Sheil, D., Meijaard, E., Venter, M., Boedhihartono, A. K., Day, M., & Garcia, C. 2013. Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110:8349-8356.

Stanturf J. A., Palik, B. J., & Dumroese, R. K. 2014. Contemporary forest restoration: A review emphasizing function. Forest Ecology and Management 331: 292–323.

Stanturf, J., Lamb, D. & Madsen, P. (2012), Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrating Natural and Social Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht.

Stanturf, J., Lamb, D. & Madsen, P.  (2012). A Goal-Oriented Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration. Springer, Dordrecht.

Stoms, D. M., Chomitz, K. M. & Davis, F. W. 2004. TAMARIN: a landscape framework for evaluating economic incentives for rainforest restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning 68:95-108.

Thompson, B. A. 2011. Planning for Implementation: Landscape-Level Restoration Planning in an Agricultural Setting. Restoration Ecology 19:5-13.

Van Oosten, C. 2013. Restoring Landscapes—Governing Place: A Learning Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 32:659-676.

Van Oosten, C. 2013.  Forest Landscape Restoration: Who Decides? A Governance Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration. Natureza & Conservação 11(2):119-126, December 2013.

Vargas, O. (ed.). 2007. Guía metodológica para la restauración ecológica del bosque alto andino. Departamento doe Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C. 194 p.

Vargas Ríos., O., Díaz Triana, J.E., Reyes Bejarano, S.P. & Gómez Ruiz, P.A. 2012. Guías técnicas para la restauración ecológica de los ecosistemas de Colombia. Grupo de Restauración Ecológica (GREUNAL). Departamento doe Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C. 136 p.

Windle, J., Rolfe, J., McCosker, J. & Lingard, A. 2009. A conservation auction for landscape linkage in the southern Desert Uplands, Queensland. The Rangeland Journal 31:127-135.