Many misconceptions exist surrounding urban food supply in the Global South. They result in part from a fragmented
vision of the food sector, which generates public policies that are focused either only upstream or downstream. A holistic and systemic approach is required in order to properly address the challenges and opportunities associated with urban food supply. In the interest of reassessingits many interventions, AFD has engaged in an applied research program into food economics. This paper presents several of the myths that must be reconsidered based on this work.