生态农业知识中心

效率:创新型生态农业方法用更少的外部资源带来更高的产出

提升资源利用效率是生态农业系统的一项新属性,通过仔细规划和管理多样性,在系统各构成部分之间形成协同效应。比如,效率方面的一项关键挑战在于全球农田中施用的氮肥仅有不到50%转化为收获产品,其余部分损失在环境中,导致严重的环境问题。

生态农业系统改善对自然资源,尤其是丰富和免费资源的利用,如太阳辐射、大气中的碳和氮元素等。通过促进生物过程以及生物质、营养素和水的循环使用,生产者能够用更少的外部资源,降低成本并减轻资源利用所产生的负面环境影响。最终,减少对外部资源的依赖能够通过提升生产者的自主能力和应对自然或经济冲击的抵御力来赋予其权能。

衡量综合性系统效率的一种方法是土地当量比。土地当量比对比了两种或以上品种(如作物、林木、家畜)共同种养时的单产以及通过单作实现的单产水平。综合性系统往往展示出更高的土地当量比。

因此,生态农业通过必要的生物、社会经济和机构多样性,以及与时空的匹配来推动农业系统,支持提高效率。

 

Database

GIAHS are found throughout the developing world, linked to centers of diversity.  Agroecosystems cover more than one quarter of the global land area, reaching about 5 billion hectares. Agroecosystems are ecosystems in which people have deliberately selected crop plants and livestock animals to replace the natural flora and fauna.  
Belize - Brazil - Malaysia - Mali - Mexico - Niger - Peru - Portugal - Spain
论文
2012
Local food initiatives with agroecological approaches are increasingly recognized. The global pandemic's challenge is alerting communities to the importance of being self-sufficient and resilient. Overall, farmers are thriving during the pandemic by making appropriate adaptations while urban consumers moved towards 'growing own food' and 'buying local'. This issue of the Low-External-Input...
India
论文
2020
El concepto de Soberanía Alimentaria fue desarrollado por La Vía Campesina (LVC) y llevado al debate público con ocasión de la celebración del Foro Mundial por la Seguridad Alimentaria, evento paralelo a la oficial Cumbre Mundial de la Alimentación en 1996 organizada por la FAO (Organización de Naciones Unidas para la...
Spain
视频
2019
On November 23, 2021, the Food Policy Forum for Change co-organized a roundtable in collaboration with the Alliance for Agroecology in West Africa (3AO), the National Council for Organic Agriculture (CNABio) of Burkina Faso, and the Centre Ecologique Albert Schweitzer Switzerland (CEAS). The aim was to bring together political decision-makers,...
Burkina Faso
论文
2021
The debate concerning the need for significant transformations toward more nutrition-oriented, environmentally sustainable, and inclusive food systems has generated increased attention towards agroecology in recent years. Literature on this subject has already demonstrated that transitions to agroecology will be context specific, as countries and regions have distinctive visions for the...
工作文件
2022