国际社会已难以如期实现《2030年议程》提出的 各项可持续发展目标，尤其是有关消除饥饿和一切形 式营养不良的目标（可持续发展目标2）。COVID-19 疫情已揭示并加剧了粮食体系目前面临的各项挑战， 清楚地表明迫切需要开展颠覆性改革，保障人类充足 食物权这一基本人权。在这份勇于探索的前瞻性报告 中，高专组指导委员会提出了一个分析和概念框架， 为粮食体系彻底转型指明了战略方向。 报告呼吁将能 动性和可持续性与供应、获取、利用和稳定性一道， 列为粮食安全和营养不可或缺的维度。要想寻求保障 食物权的具体解决方案，就必须因地制宜实现大幅政 策转向，同时认识到粮食体系与其他部门之间复杂的 相互作用，更好地了解饥饿和营养不良背后的驱动因 素，从而使粮食体系彻底转型成为可能。 世界各国政 府首脑将于2021年在一次具有决定性意义的粮食体系 峰会上汇集一堂，国际社会必须利用这一机会确立新 的粮食体系框架，使之不仅能更好地应对各类危机， 还能更公平、包容，为所有人赋权，尊重所有人，更 具再生能力，更健康、营养、高产、繁荣。迫切需要 完成这一彻底转型，以便最终消除饥饿和一切形式的 营养不良，为实现各项可持续发展目标奠定基础。

随着海洋的健康岌岌可危，非法、不报告和不管制的捕鱼（IUU）很快成为巨大问题。“IUU捕捞”一词意指所有不按照法律规定进行的捕捞活动。IUU捕捞有很多类型，例如，未经许可或授权的捕捞，不准确报告渔获，在禁止捕捞的区域捕捞或出售被禁止的鱼种。在任何时候，当渔民及其船只不符合地区、国家和国际所制定的渔业法要求，都会造成IUU捕捞的发生。

2018年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》重点阐述渔业和水产养殖在实现《2030年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标并对目标实现进展加以衡量方面所发挥的重要作用。本报告指出内陆和小规模渔业的特殊贡献，并突出基于权利的治理对于平等和包容性发展的重要性。与以往版本相同，本报告首先根据最新官方统计数据，对全球渔业和水产养殖生产、种群、加工和利用、贸易和消费趋势进行分析，对世界渔船、人员参与和部门治理情况加以综述。第2至第4部分探讨的议题包括水生生物多样性、渔业和水产养殖生态系统方法、气候变化影响与对策、该部门对粮食安全和人类营养的贡献、国际贸易、消费者保护和可持续价值链相关问题。本报告还探讨了在打击非法、不报告和不管制捕鱼方面的全球进展、部分海洋污染问题以及粮农组织改进捕捞渔业数据相关工作。本报告最后对该部门加以展望，包括对2030年情况做出预测。《世界渔业和水产养殖状况》一如既往地致力于为政策制定者、管理者、科学家、利益相关方以及所有对渔业和水产养殖感兴趣的广大受众提供客观、可靠和最新信息。

《世界渔业和水产养殖状况》作为粮农组织渔业及水产养 殖部的旗舰出版物，介绍全球渔业和水产养殖业状况，包括趋 势和统计数据。出版物突出全球范围内各项热点议题，并预测 各种未来情景，为读者提供有关渔业和水产养殖业的最新全球 性观点和看法。

本版《粮食及农业状况 2015》指出，当社 会保护措施与更广义的农业及农村发展 措施相互结合时，它将有助于打破农村贫 困和脆弱性的恶性循环

《粮食安全和扶贫背景下保障可持续小规模渔业自愿准则》（《准则》）旨在为1995年的粮农组织《负责任渔业行为守则》提供补充。其目的是就小规模渔业提 出补充性指导意见，为《负责任渔业行为守则》的总原则和规定提供支持。因此，《准则》将有助于在小规模渔业现有重要作用的基础上，进一步提升其形象和认知 度，加强其作用，促使其为全球、国家层面消除饥饿和扶贫做出贡献。《准则》还在注重小规模渔民和渔工及相关活动，包括弱势及边缘化群体的基础上，促进采用 基于人权的方法，支持负责任渔业和可持续社会、经济发展，造福当代及子孙后代。

当前，空前的多重压力正在敦促着粮食和农业系统（种植业，畜牧业，林业以及水产养殖）进行调整与革新。

今天，众多发展中国家在度处于饥饿阴霾的笼罩之下，营养不足人口数已上升至10亿人，占全球总人口的六分之一。国际社会还面临着全球经济衰退， 贸易投资缩水，自然资源枯竭和气候变化等严峻挑战。在传统性别观念根深蒂的影响下， 妇女不能充分参与决策社会经济发展, 导我们无法克服上述挑战。全球农村贫困人口的绝大多数是妇女， 他们在家务劳动和农业生产活动中的辛苦付出大多得不到酬劳， 在客观上导致整个社会对其贡献缺乏认知。 妇女在很多方面获得的资源都少雨男性，例如土地所有权、金融服、培训和其他有助于促进农业生产、农户增收几改善健康营养状况的方法。经济衰退和食品价格涨尤其对妇女及由女性支撑的家庭产生位巨大的影响。两性在社会和经济上的不平等粮食安全和农业经济增长和发胀构成障碍。 为此，在粮农组织新的战略框架下，农村地区两性平等获得资源、产品、服务及参与决策的问题已成为未来10年本组织的主要目标之一。 性别平等问题对于落实2009年11月在罗马举行的世界粮食安全首胸会议决议将是至关重要的。通过将性别公平作为主流观念纳入所有农业和农村发展计划，粮农组织将进一步提高对成员国支持的成效， 从而实现保障性别平等， 消除饥饿与贫困， 确保人人享有粮食安全等重要目标。

Only comprehensive policy interventions and targeted initiatives can address systemic inequalities and ensure equitable development in the fisheries sector of Bangladesh. The fisheries sector has emerged as a significant contributor to Bangladesh’s economy and food security. With abundant water resources and strategic policies, Bangladesh has become a leading producer in the...

The Caribbean island nation has done well to provide social security to its small-scale fishing community. It must make them resilient to face the effects of climate change. Over the past decades the fisheries sector of Antigua and Barbuda has been interwoven into the social, cultural and economic aspects of national...

Meaningful progress has been made in improving social protection coverage in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region, resulting in both better fisher resilience and fisheries management. Over the past decade, the importance of advancing social development for fishers in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region has become more prominent than ever....

Social protection schemes in the Eastern Caribbean’s small-scale fisheries can be enhanced.  Spanning around three million sq km, the Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem (CLME) is a complex mosaic of maritime jurisdictions. It surrounds nearly 30 Small Island Developing States (SIDS) with diverse ecological, socio-economic, cultural and geo-political characteristics. Providing a single...

Five members of the Katosi Women Development Trust (KWDT) talk about various policies and initiatives to empower small-scale fishing communities in Uganda. Does the Government of Uganda pay due attention to social and economic development to empower small-scale fishing communities? How? The Government of Uganda has made strides to put in place...

Costa Rica needs to adopt a human rights approach and promote community governance of the sea, while strengthening local and indigenous communities’ diverse organizational structures. Costa Rica has never conducted a fisheries census. For this reason, the country lacks official information on the precise number of people working in fisheries, or...

The Latin American and Caribbean Workshop on IYAFA 2022 issued a global Call for Action for sustainable and equitable small-scale fisheries.  A tourist village in Cananeia city in the south coast of the Sao Paulo state in Brazil hosted 45 fishermen, fisherwomen and supporters from 16 different countries on 2-5 November...

The database SSF-LEX provides detailed information on the legal and policy frameworks governing small-scale fisheries across several countries.  The 10th anniversary of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (the SSF Guidelines) is just the occasion to celebrate and highlight SSF-LEX,...

A comprehensive approach through insurance programmes to protecting small-scale fisheries and fisherfolk from the increasing risks that result from climate change.  The World Risk Report 2020 identifies the Pacific as a hotspot for climate change and disaster risk. Vanuatu, Tonga, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Kiribati are listed in...

The Sankofa Project seeks to investigate the gendered socio-economic effects of the fisheries closure in four coastal regions of Ghana to understand how the policy affects communities. A research project was launched in Ghana to focus on equitable, inclusive and sustainable fisheries management. Titled Creating Synergies between Indigenous Practices and Scientific...

Yemaya No. 69, dated June 2024, features articles from Barbados, India, Spain, a regional study focusing on Kenya, Sri Lanka and Cambodia  and Women in Fisheries Action plans from ICSF’s IYAFA workshops  from Asia, Africa, Europe and  Latin America and the Caribbean  Islands. A series of regional workshops were held through...

An analysis of spawning periods of marine fish resources along both India’s west coast and east coast reveals differences in the peak spawning periods for pelagic and demersal stocks. A new analysis of the spawning period of species along both the coasts of India suggests it may be appropriate to review...