Objectives and Activities Concerning Rural Development
The General Management of Agriculture and Food Industry Cluj (GMAFI) is the
local specialised authority, which assures the application of developmental
strategy in agriculture and food industry on the county-area. It also assures
the application of the typical mechanisms of market economy in order to stimulate
agricultural production according to population's needs of supply and to
governmental strategy.
GMAFI is subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture and Alimentation and
to the Council of the County, the County Office of Agricultural Consulting;
the Fitosanitary Office; the County Office for Animal Breading Improvement;
the County Office of Pedology and Agrochemistry OJPA are subordinated to GMAFI.
GMAFI collaborates with the Office for Arranging and Organisation of the
Agricultural Territory; the County Office of Statistics.
GMAFI emits, in accordance with the law, dispositions with normative character
and technical guidance for all economical agents from the area.
GMAFI through its General Director is the Chief Accountant and has to give
report to the MAA about the use of funds according to rules.
In the administrative units GMAFI has agricultural centres, which assure the
law - implementation for farmers, family associations, agricultural societies
and other existing structures in that area. In order to be able to apply
the strategy of rural developmental, GMAFI has the following tasks:
- to apply the strategies and the politics concerning the field of agriculture
and food industry;
- to take part directly, on the level of the communities at the application
of the Land Fund Law nr. 18/1991, 169/1997 and 1/2000.
- according to the law to control and supervise the use of land fund.
County Cluj- Agricultural and Rural Situation
County Cluj- the most important region of Romania in Transylvania from the
point of view of the territory and administration, has 6707 sq.km and it
is in the northwestern half of Romania, in the contact area of three important
geographical units: the Western Mountains, the Somesan Plateau and the Transylvanian
Plain.
The relief is mostly made of hills and mountains (78%).
The area of the county on the main categories of use:
|
Detailed
|
M/U
|
County total
|
Out of which
|
| |
|
|
in municipalities and cities
|
%
|
in rural area
|
%
|
|
Total area
|
Ha
|
670 697
|
50 150
|
7.5
|
620 547
|
92.5
|
|
Agricultural area
|
Ha
|
424 379
|
34 575
|
8.0
|
389 804
|
92.0
|
|
Arable area
|
Ha
|
178 224
|
14 408
|
11.0
|
158 816
|
89.0
|
|
Wine yards
|
Ha
|
813
|
398
|
49.0
|
415
|
51.0
|
|
Orchards
|
Ha
|
5 998
|
2 137
|
36.0
|
3 861
|
64.0
|
|
Grass-lands and hay fields
|
Ha
|
239 344
|
12 632
|
5.0
|
226 712
|
95.0
|
From a the point of view of the climate, County Cluj is close to the average
annual temperature of Romania and the average rainfall of a year being of
624 l/sq.m and the annual average of the temperature is 7,4 0 C.
The population of the county' consists of 724346 inhabitants, out of which
499909 (69%) live in municipalities and cities and 224437 inhabitants (31%)
live in the countryside.
During the last 10 years, the agriculture supported a large process of the
land's property transfer from the co-operative and state sphere to the private
one. This fact had and still has a bad influence on the way the surfaces
are being used and on the realised levels of production, too, because of
the exaggerated division of field and of the lack of proper equipment for
agricultural works.
The land area and productivity concerning the main fields of production -
period: 1989-2000:
|
Crop
|
1989
|
2000
|
| |
Area (ha)
|
tons
|
Area
|
tons
|
|
Wheat and rye
|
52297
|
127100
|
19970
|
48572
|
|
Maize total
|
54423
|
104030
|
44897
|
138028
|
|
Potatoes total
|
10602
|
105675
|
10893
|
139643
|
|
Sugar beet
|
5836
|
167579
|
3460
|
91842
|
|
Fruit tree
|
62972
|
33925
|
5605
|
77927
|
|
Viticulture
|
683
|
1975
|
522
|
1869
|
In the animal growing sector, at the animal figures, especially
at horned cattle and sheep and also in the animal production, a decreasing
of 40-50% is observed due to reorganisations, the lack of fodder and last
but not least their low prices.
Animal figures between 1989-2000:
|
Detailed
|
|
| |
1989
|
2000
|
| Horned cattle total |
211,1
|
115,8
|
| Their starting point figures |
83,5
|
65,5
|
| Swine total |
362,5
|
284,7
|
| Sows |
26,4
|
13,9
|
| Sheep and goats |
507,6
|
325,7
|
| Their starting point figures |
294,6
|
250,5
|
| Poultry total |
3353,8
|
1590
|
The situation of animal production:
|
Detailed
|
M/U
|
Year
|
| |
|
1989
|
2000
|
|
Meat total
|
to |
10 272
|
15 367
|
|
Swine meat
|
to |
9 768
|
27 430
|
|
Sheep meat
|
to |
2 668
|
4 411
|
|
Poultry meat
|
to |
4 574
|
1 745
|
|
Cow, buffalo cow milk
|
Thousand hl |
1 422,2
|
2 212
|
|
Sheep milk
|
Thousand hl |
40,3
|
122,0
|
|
Eggs
|
mil pieces |
105,0
|
156,5
|
|
Wool
|
To |
870,0
|
714,4
|
|
Cow milk average prod.
|
l / head |
1867
|
3 377
|
|
Sheep milk average prod.
|
l / head |
33
|
50
|
|
Wool average prod..
|
kg / head |
1,95
|
2,3
|
|
Eggs average prod.
|
pieces |
125
|
210
|
The main piscicultural fields are in the stage of becoming private
and restoring of the fields according to law 1/2000.
The situation of the piscicultural field of the year 2000:
|
Detailed
|
M/U
|
Year
|
| |
|
1989
|
2000
|
|
Meat total
|
to |
10 272
|
15 367
|
|
Swine meat
|
to |
9 768
|
27 430
|
|
Sheep meat
|
to |
2 668
|
4 411
|
|
Poultry meat
|
to |
4 574
|
1 745
|
|
Cow, buffalo cow milk
|
Thousand hl |
1 422,2
|
2 212
|
|
Sheep milk
|
Thousand hl |
40,3
|
122,0
|
|
Eggs
|
mil pieces |
105,0
|
156,5
|
|
Wool
|
To |
870,0
|
714,4
|
|
Cow milk average prod.
|
l / head |
1867
|
3 377
|
|
Sheep milk average prod.
|
l / head |
33
|
50
|
|
Wool average prod..
|
kg / head |
1,95
|
2,3
|
|
Eggs average prod.
|
pieces |
125
|
210
|
About the complementary activity in rural area, we can say that
an important place is taken by the strategy for the development of food production
units, which aim the processing, making, conservation or packaging of the
existing products of the area. There were founded and/ or modernized 15 milk
factories, 35 mills, 69 bakeries, 15 units for animal product processing
units, 13 salad oil production units, 3 pastry shops, 2 pastas production,
4 fruit and vegetable production units, 25 liquor producing units in the last
10 years.
Capitalising the scenery and the culture (traditions and crafts) is another
priority. This one has taken proportions due to the development and the modernisation
of the households, which became lodging places. There are 74 of them in the
present and they have a capacity of 200 seats accommodation, classified as
very best - they represent a consistent source of income for their owners
and the neighbouring households, which produce fresh and ecological animal
products.
The field of the rural developmental is a complex phenomenon which aims to
change the basic conditions (institutions, resources, possibilities) in order
to improve the quality of the population's life in the rural area, and to
preserve the rural, cultural space. This field assures a lasting development
of rural areas according to the conditions and the type of the areas. Thus,
near agriculture and services, education has a special importance - the main
goal in the rural area being the rehabilitation of schools, the improvement
of rural education and the construction of schools with local and external
sources (PHARE, Sapard etc.).
Until 2006 is very important to improve the roads, the water supply and the
telephone network in rural areas.
The developmental strategies of county Cluj are based on a fundamental stipulation
and they are assumptions for the evolution and development.
Dr. ing.
Ilarie Ivan
General Management of Agriculture and Food Industry Cluj
|