Objectives and Activities Concerning Rural Development


The General Management of Agriculture and Food Industry Cluj (GMAFI) is the local specialised authority, which assures the application of developmental strategy in agriculture and food industry on the county-area. It also assures the application of the typical mechanisms of market economy in order to stimulate agricultural production according to population's needs of supply and to governmental strategy.
GMAFI is subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture and Alimentation and to the Council of the County, the County Office of Agricultural Consulting; the Fitosanitary Office; the County Office for Animal Breading Improvement; the County Office of Pedology and Agrochemistry OJPA are subordinated to GMAFI.
GMAFI collaborates with the Office for Arranging and Organisation of the Agricultural Territory; the County Office of Statistics.
GMAFI emits, in accordance with the law, dispositions with normative character and technical guidance for all economical agents from the area.
GMAFI through its General Director is the Chief Accountant and has to give report to the MAA about the use of funds according to rules.
In the administrative units GMAFI has agricultural centres, which assure the law - implementation for farmers, family associations, agricultural societies and other existing structures in that area. In order to be able to apply the strategy of rural developmental, GMAFI has the following tasks:
- to apply the strategies and the politics concerning the field of  agriculture and food industry;
- to take part directly, on the level of the communities at the application of the Land Fund Law nr. 18/1991, 169/1997 and 1/2000.
- according to the law to control and supervise the use of land fund.
 

County Cluj- Agricultural and Rural Situation

County Cluj- the most important region of Romania in Transylvania from the point of view of the territory and administration, has 6707 sq.km and it is in the northwestern half of Romania, in the contact area of three important geographical units: the Western Mountains, the Somesan Plateau and the Transylvanian Plain.
The relief is mostly made of hills and mountains (78%).
The area of the county on the main categories of use:
 
Detailed
M/U
County total
Out of which
     
in municipalities and cities
%
in rural area
%
Total area
Ha
670 697
50 150
7.5
620 547
92.5
Agricultural area
Ha
424 379
34 575
8.0
389 804
92.0
Arable area
Ha
178 224
14 408
11.0
158 816
89.0
Wine yards
Ha
813
398
49.0
415
51.0
Orchards
Ha
5 998
2 137
36.0
3 861
64.0
Grass-lands and hay fields
Ha
239 344
12 632
5.0
226 712
95.0

 
From a the point of view of the climate, County Cluj is close to the average annual temperature of Romania and the average rainfall of a year being of 624 l/sq.m and the annual average of the temperature is 7,4 0 C.
The population of the county' consists of 724346 inhabitants, out of which 499909 (69%) live in municipalities and cities and 224437 inhabitants (31%) live in the countryside.
During the last 10 years, the agriculture supported a large process of the land's property transfer from the co-operative and state sphere to the private one. This fact had and still has a bad influence on the way the surfaces are being used and on the realised levels of production, too, because of the exaggerated division of field and of the lack of proper equipment for agricultural works.  
The land area and productivity concerning the main fields of production - period: 1989-2000:

 

Crop
1989
2000
 
Area (ha)
tons
Area
tons
Wheat and rye
52297
127100
19970
48572
Maize total
54423
104030
44897
138028
Potatoes total
10602
105675
10893
139643
Sugar beet
5836
167579
3460
91842
Fruit tree 
62972
33925
5605
77927
Viticulture
683
1975
522
1869

In the animal growing sector, at the animal figures, especially at horned cattle and sheep and also in the animal production, a decreasing of 40-50% is observed due to reorganisations, the lack of fodder and last but not least their low prices. 
Animal figures between 1989-2000:
 

Detailed
 
 
1989
2000
Horned cattle total
211,1
115,8
Their starting point figures
83,5
65,5
Swine total
362,5
284,7
Sows 
26,4
13,9
Sheep and goats
507,6
325,7
Their starting point figures
294,6
250,5
Poultry total
3353,8
1590

The situation of animal production:
 

Detailed
M/U
Year
   
1989
2000
Meat total
to
10 272
15 367
Swine meat
to
9 768
27 430
Sheep meat
to
2 668
4 411
Poultry meat
to
4 574
1 745
Cow, buffalo cow milk
Thousand hl
1 422,2
2 212
Sheep milk
Thousand hl
40,3
122,0
Eggs
mil pieces
105,0
156,5
Wool
To
870,0
714,4
Cow milk average prod.
l / head
1867
3 377
Sheep milk average prod.
l / head
33
50
Wool average prod..
kg / head
1,95
2,3
Eggs average prod.
pieces
125
210

The main piscicultural fields are in the stage of becoming private and restoring of the fields according to law 1/2000.
The situation of the piscicultural field of the year 2000:
 

Detailed
M/U
Year
   
1989
2000
Meat total
to
10 272
15 367
Swine meat
to
9 768
27 430
Sheep meat
to
2 668
4 411
Poultry meat
to
4 574
1 745
Cow, buffalo cow milk
Thousand hl
1 422,2
2 212
Sheep milk
Thousand hl
40,3
122,0
Eggs
mil pieces
105,0
156,5
Wool
To
870,0
714,4
Cow milk average prod.
l / head
1867
3 377
Sheep milk average prod.
l / head
33
50
Wool average prod..
kg / head
1,95
2,3
Eggs average prod.
pieces
125
210

About the complementary activity in rural area, we can say that an important place is taken by the strategy for the development of food production units, which aim the processing, making, conservation or packaging of the existing products of the area. There were founded and/ or modernized 15 milk factories, 35 mills, 69 bakeries, 15 units for animal product processing units, 13 salad oil production units, 3 pastry shops, 2  pastas production, 4 fruit and vegetable production units, 25 liquor producing units in the last 10 years.
Capitalising the scenery and the culture (traditions and crafts) is another priority. This one has taken proportions due to the development and the modernisation of the households, which became lodging places. There are 74 of them in the present and they have a capacity of 200 seats accommodation, classified as very best - they represent a consistent source of income for their owners and the neighbouring households, which produce fresh and ecological animal products.  
The field of the rural developmental is a complex phenomenon which aims to change the basic conditions (institutions, resources, possibilities) in order to improve the quality of the population's life in the rural area, and to preserve the rural, cultural space. This field assures a lasting development of rural areas according to the conditions and the type of the areas. Thus, near agriculture and services, education has a special importance - the main goal in the rural area being the rehabilitation of schools, the improvement of rural education and the construction of schools with local and external sources (PHARE, Sapard etc.).
Until 2006 is very important to improve the roads, the water supply and the telephone network in rural areas.
The developmental strategies of county Cluj are based on a fundamental stipulation and they are assumptions for the evolution and development. 

       Dr. ing. Ilarie Ivan
General Management of Agriculture and Food Industry Cluj

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