L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 10: “Promulgated treaties, to the ratification of which Parliament has given its consent and by which the Czech Republic is bound, form a part of the legal order; if a treaty provides something other than that which a statute provides, the treaty shall apply.”

Article 10a:

“(1) Certain powers of Czech Republic authorities may be transferred by treaty to an international organization or institution.

(2) The ratification of a treaty under paragraph 1 requires the consent of Parliament, unless a constitutional act provides that such ratification requires the approval obtained in a referendum."

Article 49: "The assent of both chambers of Parliament is required for the ratification of treaties: a. affecting the rights or duties of persons; b. of alliance, peace, or other political nature; c. by which the Czech Republic becomes member of an international organization; d. of general economic nature; e. concerning additional matters, the regulation of which is reserved to statute.

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 1: “(1) The Czech Republic is a sovereign, unitary, and democratic state governed by the rule of law, founded on respect for the rights and freedoms of man and of citizens. (2) The Czech Republic shall observe its obligations resulting from international law."

Article 26: “(3) Everybody has the right to acquire the means of her livelihood by work. The State shall provide an adequate level of material security to those citizens who are unable, through no fault of their own, to exercise this right; conditions shall be provided for by law.”

Article 30: 
“(1) Citizens have the right to adequate material security in old age and during periods of work incapacity, as well as in the case of the loss of their provider.
(2) Everyone who suffers from material”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Section 9: 
“1. The legal system of East Timor shall adopt the general or customary principles of international law.
2. Rules provided for in international conventions, treaties and agreements shall apply in the internal legal system of East Timor following their approval, ratification or accession by the respective competent organs and after publication in the official gazette.
3. All rules that are contrary to the provisions of international conventions, treaties and agreements applied in the internal legal system of East Timor shall be invalid.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Section 18.2: “Children shall enjoy all rights that are universally recognised, as well as all those that are enshrined in international conventions commonly ratified or approved by the State.”

Section 23: “Fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution shall not exclude any other rights provided for by the law and shall be interpreted in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”

Protection implicite du droit à une alimentation adéquate

Article 12: "Tout être humain a droit au développement, à l'épanouissement physique, intellectuel, moral et culturel de sa personne."

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 50: "Les droits et devoirs, énoncés dans la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme et dans les instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, ratifiés par le Togo, font partie intégrante de la présente Constitution." 

Article 140: "Les traités ou accords régulièrement ratifiés ou approuvés ont, dès leur publication, une autorité supérieure à celle des lois, sous réserve, pour chaque accord ou traité, de son application par l’autre partie."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 10: "Tout être humain porte en lui des droits inaliénables et imprescriptibles. La sauvegarde de ces droits est la finalité de toute communauté humaine. L'Etat a l'obligation de les respecter, de les garantir et de les protéger."

Article 34: “L'Etat reconnaît aux citoyens le droit à la santé. Il œuvre à le promouvoir."

Article 38: “Il est reconnu aux citoyens et aux collectivités territoriales le droit à une redistribution équitable des richesses nationales par l'Etat."

Protection implicite du droit à une alimentation adéquate

Article 21: "Les citoyens et les citoyennes sont égaux en droits et en devoirs. Ils sont égaux devant la loi sans discrimination. L’État garantit aux citoyens les libertés et les droits individuels et collectifs. Il leur assure les conditions d’une vie décente."

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 20: "Les Traités internationaux approuvés par l’assemblée représentative et ensuite ratifiés, ont un rang supra-législatif et infra-constitutionnel."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 38: "Tout être humain a droit à la santé. L’État garantit la prévention et les soins de santé à tout citoyen et assure les moyens nécessaires à la sécurité et à la qualité des services de santé. L’État garantit la gratuité des soins pour les personnes sans soutien ou ne disposant pas de ressources suffisantes. Il garantit le droit à une couverture sociale conformément à ce qui est prévu par la loi.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 6: “[...]Turkmenistan recognizes the priority of the universally accepted norms of international law. If an international treaty (contract) of Turkmenistan establishes rules other than those stipulated by the laws of Turkmenistan, the rules of international treaty will apply.[...]”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 3.2: “The state is responsible for every citizen and creates conditions for free development of the individual, protects the life, honour, dignity and freedom, personal integrity, natural and inalienable rights of the citizen.”

Article 33: “Citizens have the right to work, choice of profession at their own discretion, sort of employment and place of work, to safe and healthy working conditions. Wage earners are entitled to compensation, appropriate to amount and quality of work. This compensation cannot be less than the subsistence minimum established by the state.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 90: “International agreements duly put into effect bear the force of law. No appeal to the Constitutional Court shall be made with regard to these agreements, on the grounds that they are unconstitutional. In the case of a conflict between international agreements in the area of fundamental rights and freedoms duly put into effect and the domestic laws due to differences in provisions on the same matter, the provisions of international agreements shall prevail.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 5: “The fundamental aims and duties of the state are; to safeguard the independence and integrity of the Turkish Nation, the indivisibility of the country, the Republic and democracy; to ensure the welfare, peace, and happiness of the individual and society; to strive for the removal of political, social and economic obstacles which restrict the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual in a manner incompatible with the principles of justice and of the social state governed by the rule of law; and to provide the conditions required for the development of the individual’s material and spiritual existence.”

Article 49: “Everyone has the right and duty to work. The State shall take the necessary measures to raise the standard of living of workers, and to protect workers and the unemployed in order to improve the general conditions of labour, to promote labour, to create suitable economic conditions for prevention of unemployment and to secure labour peace.”

Article 55: “Wages shall be paid in return for work.  The state shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers earn a fair wage commensurate with the work they perform and that they enjoy other social benefits. In determining the minimum wage, the living conditions of the workers and the economic situation of the country shall be taken into account.”

Article 61: “The state shall protect the widows and orphans of those killed in war and in the line of duty, together with the disabled and war veterans, and ensure that they enjoy a decent standard of living.”

Protection explicite du droit à une alimentation adéquate

Article 48: “Everyone shall have the right to a standard of living sufficient for themselves and their families including adequate nutrition, clothing, and housing.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 9: “International treaties in force, consented by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as binding, shall be an integral part of the national legislation of Ukraine.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 3.2: “Human rights and freedoms, and guarantees thereof shall determine the essence and course of activities of the State. The State shall be responsible to the individual for its activities. Affirming and ensuring human rights and freedoms shall be the main duty of the State.”

Article 46: “Citizens shall have the right to social protection including the right to financial security in cases of complete, partial, or temporary disability, loss of the principal wage-earner, unemployment due to circumstances beyond their control, old age, and in other cases determined by law. This right shall be guaranteed by the mandatory state social insurance based on insurance payments made by citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organisations, as well as by budgetary and other sources of social security; and by establishing a network of state, communal, and private institutions caring for incapacitated persons. 
Pensions and other types of social payments and assistance that are the principal sources of subsistence shall ensure a standard of living not lower than the minimum living standard established by law.”

Principes directeurs de la politique étatique

Artículo 305: “El Estado promoverá la agricultura sustentable como base estratégica del desarrollo rural integral a fin de garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la población; entendida como la disponibilidad suficiente y estable de alimentos en el ámbito nacional y el acceso oportuno y permanente a éstos por parte del público consumidor. La seguridad alimentaria se alcanzará desarrollando y privilegiando la producción agropecuaria interna, entendiéndose como tal la proveniente de las actividades agrícola, pecuaria, pesquera y acuícola. La producción de alimentos es de interés nacional y fundamental para el desarrollo económico y social de la Nación. A tales fines, el Estado dictará las medidas de orden financiero, comercial, transferencia tecnológica, tenencia de la tierra, infraestructura, capacitación de mano de obra y otras que fueren necesarias para alcanzar niveles estratégicos de autoabastecimiento. Además, promoverá las acciones en el marco de la economía nacional e internacional para compensar las desventajas propias de la actividad agrícola. El Estado protegerá los asentamientos y comunidades de pescadores o pescadoras artesanales, así como sus caladeros de pesca en aguas continentales y los próximos a la línea de costa definidos en la ley.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Artículo 23: “Los tratados, pactos y convenciones relativos a derechos humanos, suscritos y ratificados por Venezuela, tienen jerarquía constitucional y prevalecen en el orden interno, en la medida en que contengan normas sobre su goce y ejercicio más favorables a las establecidas en esta Constitución y en las leyes de la República, y son de aplicación inmediata y directa por los tribunales y demás órganos del Poder Público.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Artículo 3: “El Estado tiene como fines esenciales la defensa y el desarrollo de la persona y el respeto a su dignidad, el ejercicio democrático de la voluntad popular, la construcción de una sociedad justa y amante de la paz, la promoción de la prosperidad y bienestar del pueblo y la garantía del cumplimiento de los principios, derechos y deberes reconocidos y consagrados en esta Constitución.” 

Artículo 19: “El Estado garantizará a toda persona, conforme al principio de progresividad y sin discriminación alguna, el goce y ejercicio irrenunciable, indivisible e interdependiente de los derechos humanos. Su respeto y garantía son obligatorios para los órganos del Poder Público, de conformidad con esta Constitución, con los tratados sobre derechos humanos suscritos y ratificados por la República y con las leyes que los desarrollen.” 

Artículo 80: “El Estado garantizará a los ancianos y ancianas el pleno ejercicio de sus derechos y garantías. El Estado, con la participación solidaria de las familias y la sociedad, está obligado a respetar su dignidad humana, su autonomía y les garantizará atención integral y los beneficios de la seguridad social que eleven y aseguren su calidad de vida. Las pensiones y jubilaciones otorgadas mediante el sistema de seguridad social no podrán ser inferiores al salario mínimo urbano. A los ancianos y ancianas se les garantizará el derecho a un trabajo acorde con aquellos y aquellas que manifiesten su deseo y estén en capacidad para ello.” 

Artículo 83: “La salud es un derecho social fundamental, obligación del Estado, que lo garantizará como parte del derecho a la vida. El Estado promoverá y desarrollará políticas orientadas a elevar la calidad de vida, el bienestar colectivo y el acceso a los servicios. Todas las personas tienen derecho a la protección de la salud, así como el deber de participar activamente en su promoción y defensa, y el de cumplir con las medidas sanitarias y de saneamiento que establezca la ley, de conformidad con los tratados y convenios internacionales suscritos y ratificados por la República.” 

Artículo 87: “Toda persona tiene derecho al trabajo y el deber de trabajar. El Estado garantizará la adopción de las medidas necesarias a los fines de que toda persona pueda obtener ocupación productiva, que le proporcione una existencia digna y decorosa y le garantice el pleno ejercicio de este derecho. Es fin del Estado fomentar el empleo. La ley adoptará medidas tendentes a garantizar el ejercicio de los derechos laborales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras no dependientes. La libertad de trabajo no será sometida a otras restricciones que las que la ley establezca.” 

Artículo 91: “Todo trabajador o trabajadora tiene derecho a un salario suficiente que le permita vivir con dignidad y cubrir para sí y su familia las necesidades básicas materiales, sociales e intelectuales.”

Artículo 299: “El régimen socioeconómico de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela se fundamenta en los principios de justicia social, democracia, eficiencia, libre competencia, protección del ambiente, productividad y solidaridad, a los fines de asegurar el desarrollo humano integral y una existencia digna y provechosa para la colectividad. El Estado, conjuntamente con la iniciativa privada, promoverá el desarrollo armónico de la economía nacional con el fin de generar fuentes de trabajo, alto valor agregado nacional, elevar el nivel de vida de la población y fortalecer la soberanía económica del país, garantizando la seguridad jurídica, solidez, dinamismo, sustentabilidad, permanencia y equidad del crecimiento de la economía, para lograr una justa distribución de la riqueza mediante una planificación estratégica democrática, participativa y de consulta abierta.” 

Protection explicite du droit à une alimentation adéquate

Article 77: Right to food and water. - "Every person has the right to- (a) safe, clean and potable water; and (b) sufficient food; and the State must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within the limits of the resources available to it, to achieve the progressive realisation of this right.”

Article 81(1): “Every child, that is to say every boy and girl under the age of eighteen years, has the right –
(f) to education, health care services, nutrition and shelter.”

Article 50.5: "[...] (d) right to conditions of detention that are consistent with human dignity, including the opportunity for physical exercise and the provision, at State expense, of adequate accommodation, ablution facilities, personal hygiene, nutrition, appropriate reading material and medical treatment)."

Principes directeurs de la politique étatique

Article 289: "Principles guiding policy on agricultural land In order to redress the unjust and unfair pattern of land ownership that was brought about by colonialism, and to bring about land reform and the equitable access by all Zimbabweans to the country's natural resources, policies regarding agricultural land must be guided by the following principles-- (e) the use of agricultural land should promote food security, good health and nutrition and generate employment, while protecting and conserving the environment for future generations.”

Article 19 (2): “The State must adopt reasonable policies and measures, within the limits of the resources available to it, to ensure that children – 

(b) have shelter and basic nutrition, health care and social services.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article 326: “1. Customary international law is part of the law of Zimbabwe, unless it is inconsistent with this Constitution or an Act of Parliament. 2. When interpreting legislation, every court and tribunal must adopt any reasonable interpretation of the legislation that is consistent with customary international law applicable in Zimbabwe, in preference to an alternative interpretation inconsistent with that law.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 3 (1): “Zimbabwe is founded on respect for the following values and principles – 
(c) fundamental human rights and freedoms.” 

Article 11: “The State must take all practical measures to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter 4 and to promote their full realisation and fulfillment.”

Article 15: “The State must – 
(a) encourage people to grow and store adequate food; 
(b) secure the establishment of adequate food reserves; and 
(c) encourage and promote adequate and proper nutrition through mass education and other appropriate means.” 

Article 21 (2): “The State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level must endeavour, within the limits of the resources available to them 
(b) to provide facilities, food and social care for elderly persons who are in need.”

L’état des obligations internationales dans l’ordre juridique national

Article V Section 1:
“(4) No treaty or other international agreement which is finally accepted by or on behalf of the Republic on or after the effective date of this Constitution shall, of itself, have the force of law in the Republic.”