国际义务的国内地位

Article 48: “This Chapter shall be interpreted in such a way so as not to be inconsistent with any international obligations of Seychelles relating to human rights and freedoms and a court shall, when interpreting the provision of this Chapter, take judicial notice of−
(a) the international instruments containing these obligations; (b) the reports and expression of views of bodies administering or enforcing these instruments; (c) the reports, decisions or opinions of international and regional institutions administering or enforcing Conventions on human rights and freedoms; (d) the Constitutions of other democratic States or nations and decisions of the courts of the States or nations in respect of their Constitutions."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Preamble. Paragraph 4: "Develop a democratic system which will ensure the creation of an adequate and progressive social order guaranteeing food, clothing, shelter, education, health and a steadily rising standard of living for all Seychellois."

Article 29(1): “The State recognises the right of every citizen to protection of health and to the enjoyment of attainable standard of physical and mental health [...]”

Article 35: “The State recognises the right of every citizen to work and to just and favourable conditions of work and with a view to ensuring the effective exercise of these rights the State undertakes−
(d) to make and enforce statutory provisions for safe, healthy and fair conditions of work, including reasonable rest, leisure, paid holidays, remuneration which guarantees, as a minimum, dignified and decent living conditions for the workers and their families, fair and equal wages for work of equal value without distinction and stability of employment.”

Article 37: “The State recognises the right of every citizen to a decent and dignified existence and with a view to ensuring that its citizens are not left unprovided for by reason of incapacity to work or involuntary unemployment undertakes to maintain a system of social security.”

国际义务的国内地位

Article 10: “The Constitution of Tajikistan shall have supreme legal force and its norms have direct affect. Laws and other legal acts that contradict the Constitution shall be of no legal validity. State and all its bodies, officials, citizens, and their associations shall observe and comply with the Constitution and laws of the republic. International legal documents recognized by Tajikistan shall be a component part of the legal system of the republic. In case the republican laws do not stipulate to the recognized international legal documents, the rules of the international documents shall apply. Laws and international documents recognized by Tajikistan shall come into force after their official publication.”

Article 14: “The rights and liberties of individual and citizen shall be protected by the Constitution, the laws of the republic, and international legal documents recognized by Tajikistan. The rights and liberties of individual and citizen shall be implemented directly.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 1: “Being social oriented state Tajikistan shall provide relevant living conditions for every person.”

Article 5: “Man, his rights and liberties shall be the supreme value. The life, honor, dignity, and other natural human rights shall be inviolable. The rights and liberties of the man and citizens shall be recognized, observed and protected by the state.”

对充足食物权的明示保护

Article 4: “[...] All individuals have the right to nutritional, sufficient and quality nourishment. The State shall guarantee this. [..] The State, in all decisions it makes and all actions it carries out, will safeguard and comply with the principle of doing what is in the best interest of children, thus entirely guaranteeing their rights. Boys and girls have the right to having their nutritional, health, educational and recreational needs satisfied for their proper development. This principle should guide the design, enforcement, following up and evaluation of the public policies focused on childhood. [...]” 

国际义务的国内地位

Artículo 1: “In the United Mexican States, all individuals shall be entitled to the human rights granted by this Constitution and the international treaties signed by the Mexican State [...]"

"The provisions relating to human rights shall be interpreted according to this Constitution and the international treaties on the subject, working in favor of the broader protection of people at all times. [...]”

Article 133: "This Constitution, the laws derived from and enacted by the Congress of the Union, and all the treaties made and execute by the President of the Republic, with the approval of the Senate, shall be the supreme law of the country. The judges of each state shall observe the Constitution, the laws derived from it and the treaties, despite any contradictory provision that may appear in the constitutions or laws of the states."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Artículo 27.XX: “The State shall provide good conditions to achieve total development in rural communities, for the purpose of creating jobs, guaranteeing welfare of the peasant population and their participation in national development.  […] The comprehensive and sustainable rural development referred to in the previous paragraph shall also include, among its aims that the State shall guarantee the sufficient and timely supply of basic nourishment established by law.”

国际义务的国内地位

Article 6(1): “Treaties duly concluded and promulgated in accordance with the Constitution and the generally recognized rules of international law shall have the same effect as the domestic laws of the Republic of Korea.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 10: “All citizens shall be assured of human dignity and worth and have the right to pursue happiness. It shall be the duty of the State to confirm and guarantee the fundamental and inviolable human rights of individuals.” 

Article 32(3): "Standards of working conditions shall be determined by law in such a way as to guarantee human dignity."

Article 34: 
“(1) All citizens shall be entitled to a life worthy of human beings.  
(2) The State shall have the duty to endeavor to promote social security and welfare. 
(3) The State shall endeavor to promote the welfare and rights of women. 
(4) The State shall have the duty to implement policies for enhancing the welfare of senior citizens and the young. 
(5) Citizens who are incapable of earning a livelihood due to a physical disability, disease, old age or other reasons shall be protected by the State under the conditions as prescribed by Act.”

对充足食物权的默示保护

Article 12: "Every human being has the right to development, to the physical, intellectual, moral and cultural fulfillment of their person."

国际义务的国内地位

Article 50: "The rights and duties, stated in the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and in the international instruments relative to the Rights of Man, ratified by Togo, are an integral part of this Constitution." 

Article 140: "The treaties or agreements regularly ratified or approved have, on their publication, an authority superior to the laws, under reserve, for each agreement or treaty, of its application by the other party."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 10: "Every human being carries within them inalienable and imprescriptible rights. The safeguarding of these rights is the objective of any human community. The State has the obligation to respect them, to guarantee them and to protect them."

Article 34: “The State recognizes to the citizens the right to health. It works to promote it."

Article 38: “The right to an equitable redistribution of the national wealth by the State is recognized to the citizens and to the territorial collectivities."

对充足食物权的明示保护

Article 16:
“I. Every person has the right to water and food.
II. The State has the obligation to guarantee food security, by means of healthy, adequate and sufficient food for the entire population.” 

国际义务的国内地位

Article 13.I: "The rights recognized in this Constitution are inviolable, universal, inter-dependent, indivisible and progressive. The State has the duty to promote, protect and respect them.

Article 13.II: "The rights declared in this Constitution shall not be understood to deny other rights that are not enumerated."

Article 13.III: "The classification of the rights established in this Constitution does not determine any hierarchy or superiority of some rights over others."

Article 13.IV: “International treaties and conventions ratified by the Pluri-National Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa), which recognize human rights and prohibit their limitation in States of Emergency, prevail over internal law. The rights and duties consecrated in this Constitution shall be interpreted in accordance with the International Human Rights Treaties ratified by Bolivia.” 

Article 14.III: “The State guarantees everyone and all collectives, without discrimination, the free and effective exercise of the rights established in this Constitution, the laws and international human rights treaties.” 

Article 256.I: “The international treaties and instruments in matters of human rights that have been signed and/or ratified, or those that have been joined by the State, which declare rights more favorable than those contained in the Constitution, shall have preferential application over those in this Constitution.”

Article 257.I: “Ratified international treaties are part of domestic law with the force of law.”

Article 410.I: " Every person, natural and legal, as well as public organs, public functions and institutions, are subject to the present Constitution."

Article 410.II: "The Constitution is the supreme norm of Bolivian law and enjoys supremacy before any other normative disposition. The components of constitutional law include the international Treaties and Conventions in the matter of human rights and the norms of Communitarian Law, which have been ratified by the country. The application of the legal norms shall be governed by the following hierarchy, in accordance with the authority of the territorial entities: 1. Constitution of the State; 2. International treaties; 3. National laws, statutes of the autonomies, organic charters and the other departmental, municipal and indigenous legislation; 4. Decrees, regulations and other resolutions issued by the corresponding executive organs."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 9: “The following are essential purposes and functions of the State, in addition to those established in the Constitution and the law:   

1. To construct a just and harmonious society, built on decolonization, without discrimination or exploitation, with full social justice, in order to strengthen the Pluri-National identities.

2. To guarantee the welfare, development, security and protection, and equal dignity of individuals, nations, peoples, and communities, [...]”

Article 35.I: “The State, at all levels, shall protect the right to health and promote public policies designed to improve the quality of life, the collective well being, and free access of the population to health services” 

Article 35.II: "The health system is unitary and includes traditional medicine of the nations and the rural native indigenous peoples."

Article 46.I: “Every person has the following rights:
1. To dignified work, with industrial and occupational health and safety, without discrimination, and with a fair, equitable and satisfactory remuneration or salary that assures a dignified existence for the worker and his or her family.”

国际义务的国内地位

Article 26: International relations and international law - The Dominican Republic is a State member of the international community, open to cooperation and tied to the norms of international law, consequently: 1. It recognizes and applies the norms of international law, general and American, in the method in which its public powers have adopted them; 2. The norms in effect from international ratified agreements shall rule in the internal realm, once published in an official manner; 3. The international relations of the Dominican Republic are based and ruled by the affirmation and promotion of its national values and interests, respect for human rights and international law; 4. In equality of conditions with other States, the Dominican Republic accepts an international judicial system that guarantees respect of fundamental rights, peace, justice, and political, social, economic and cultural development of nations. It promises to act on the international, regional, and national levels in a manner compatible with national interests, the peaceful coexistence between peoples and the duties of solidarity with all nations; 5. The Dominican Republic shall promote and favor integration with the nations of America, toward the end of strengthening a community of nations that defends the interests of the region. The State may enter into international treaties in order to promote the common development of the nations, that safeguard the well-being of the peoples and the collective security of their inhabitants, and in order to confer supranational organizations the required abilities to participate in processes of integration; 6. It declares itself in favor of economic solidarity between the countries of America and supports all initiatives in defense of its basic products, raw materials, and biodiversity. 

Article 74: Principles of regulation and interpretation - [...] 3. Treaties, pacts, and conventions related to human rights, adopted and ratified by the Dominican State have constitutional hierarchy and are for direct and immediate application by the courts and other organs of the State.

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Artículo 8: “The effective protection of the rights of the person, the respect of their dignity and the securing of means that allow for their perfection in an egalitarian, equitable and progressive way, within a framework of individual liberty and social justice, compatible with the public order, the general well-being and the rights of all is an essential function of the State.”

Article 54: “The State shall promote research and the transference of technology for the production of foods and primary materials of agricultural origin, with the goal of increasing productivity and guaranteeing food security.”

Article 57: “The family, society, and the State shall come together for the protection and the assistance of elderly people and shall promote their integration into active community life. The State shall guarantee the services of integral social security and food subsidies in the case of poverty.”

Article 61.1: “The State should safeguard the protection of the health of all persons, access to potable water, improvement of nutrition, sanitation services, hygienic conditions, environmental cleanliness, as well as procure means for the prevention and treatment of all sicknesses, ensuring access to quality medication and giving medical and hospital assistance for free to those who need it."

Article 61.2: "The State shall guarantee, through legislation and public policies, the exercise of the economic and social rights of the low-income population and, consequently, shall lend its protection and assistance to vulnerable groups and sectors, shall fight social vices with the appropriate means and with the aid of international agreements and organizations.”

Artículo 62.9: “All workers have the right to a wage that is just and sufficient to permit them to live with dignity and cover the basic material, social, and intellectual needs of themselves and their families.[...]”

国际义务的国内地位

Article 9(1): “The generally recognized rules of international law are regarded as integral parts of Federal law.”

Artikel 9 (1): "Die allgemein anerkannten Regeln des Völkerrechtes gelten als Bestandteile des Bundesrechtes."

国家政策指导性原则

Artículo 305: “The State shall promote sustainable agriculture as the strategic basis for overall rural development, and consequently shall guarantee the population a secure food supply, defined as the sufficient and stable availability of food within the national sphere and timely and uninterrupted access to the same for consumers. A secure food supply must be achieved by developing and prioritizing internal agricultural and livestock production, understood as production deriving from the activities of agriculture, livestock, fishing and aquiculture. Food production is in the national interest and is fundamental to the economic and social development of the Nation. To this end, the State shall promulgate such financial, commercial, technological transfer, land tenancy, infrastructure, manpower training and other measures as may be necessary to achieve strategic levels of self-sufficiency. In addition, it shall promote actions in the national and international economic context to compensate for the disadvantages inherent to agricultural activity.The State shall protect the settlement and communities of non industrialized fishermen, as well as their fishing banks in continental waters and those close to the coastline, as defined by law.”

国际义务的国内地位

Artículo 23: “The treaties, pacts and conventions relating human rights which have been executed and ratified by Venezuela have a constitutional rank, and prevail over internal legislation, insofar as they contain provisions concerning the enjoyment and exercise of such rights that are more favorable than those established by this Constitution and the laws of the Republic, and shall be immediately and directly applied by the courts and other organs of the Public Power.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Artículo 3: “The essential purposes of the State are the protection and development of the individual and respect for the dignity of the individual, the democratic exercise of the will of the people, the building of a just and peace loving society, the furtherance of the prosperity and welfare of the people and the guaranteeing of the Fulfillment of the principles, rights and duties established in this Constitution.” 

Artículo 19: “The State shall guarantee to every individual, in accordance with the progressive principle and without discrimination of any kind, no renounceable, indivisible and interdependent enjoyment and exercise of human rights. Respect for and the guaranteeing of these rights is obligatory for the organs of Public Power, in accordance with the Constitution, the human rights treaties signed and ratified by the Republic and any laws developing the same.” 

Artículo 80: “The State shall guarantee senior citizens the full exercise of their rights and guarantees. The State, with the joint participation of families and society, is obligated to respect their human dignity, autonomy and to guarantee them full care and social security benefits to improve and guarantee their quality of life. Pension and retirement benefits granted through the social security system shall not be less than the urban minimum salary. Senior citizens shall be guaranteed to have the right to a proper work, if they indicate a desire to work and are capable to.” 

Artículo 83: “Health is a fundamental social right and the responsibility of the State, which shall guarantee it as part of the right to life. The State shall promote and develop policies oriented toward improving the quality of life, common welfare and access to services. All persons have the right to protection of health, as well as the duty to participate actively in the furtherance and protection of the same, and to comply with such health and hygiene measures as may be established by law, and in accordance with international conventions and treaties signed and ratified by the Republic.” 

Artículo 87: “All persons have the right and duty to work. The State guarantees the adoption of the necessary measures so that every person shall be able to obtain productive work providing him or her with a dignified and decorous living and guarantee him or her the full exercise of this right. It is an objective of the State to promote employment. Measures tending to guarantee the exercise of the labor rights of self employed persons shall be adopted by law. Freedom to work shall be subject only to such restrictions as may be established by law.” 

Artículo 91: “Every worker has the right to a salary sufficient to enable him or her to live with dignity and cover basic material, social and intellectual needs for himself or herself and his or her family.”

Artículo 299: “The economic regime of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is based on the principles of social justice, democratization, efficiency, free competition, protection of the environment, productivity and solidarity, with a view to ensuring overall human development and a dignified and useful existence for the community. The State, jointly with private initiative, shall promote the harmonious development of the national economy, to the end of generating sources of employment, a high rate of domestic added value, raising the standard of living of the population and strengthen the economical sovereignty of the country, guaranteeing the reliability of the law; the solid, dynamic, sustainable, continuing and equitable growth of the economy to ensure a just distribution of wealth through participatory democratic strategic planning with open consultation.” 

国际义务的国内地位

Article 12 (International relations) 1: "The Republic of Angola shall respect and implement the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Charter of the Organisation of African Unity and shall establish friendly and cooperative relations with all states and peoples on the basis of the following principles: a) Respect for sovereignty and national independence; b) Equality amongst states; c) The rights of peoples to self-determination and independence; d) Peaceful solutions to conflicts; e) Respect for human rights; f) Non-interference in the affairs of other states; g) Reciprocal advantages; h) Repudiating and combating terrorism, drugs trafficking, racism, corruption and people and human organ trafficking; i) Cooperation with all peoples for peace, justice and progress.”

Artigo 12º:(Relações internacionais)1. "A República de Angola respeita e aplica os princípios da Carta da Organização das Nações Unidas e da Carta da União Africana e estabelece relações de amizade e cooperação com todos os Estados e povos, na base dos seguintes princípios: a) Respeito pela soberania e independência nacional; b) Igualdade entre os Estados; c) Direito dos povos à autodeterminação e à independência; d) Solução pacífica dos conflitos; e) Respeito dos direitos humanos; f) Não ingerência nos assuntos internos dos outros Estados; g) Reciprocidade de vantagens; h) Repúdio e combate ao terrorismo, narcotráfico, racismo, corrupção e tráfico de seres e órgãos humanos; i) Cooperação com todos os povos para a paz, justiça e progresso da humanidade.

Article 13.1: "General or common international law received under the terms of this Constitution shall form an integral part of the Angolan legal system."

Artigo 13.1º: "O direito internacional geral ou comum, recebido nos termos da presente Constituição, faz parte integrante da ordem jurídica angolana."

Article 13.2: “Duly approved or ratified international treaties and agreements shall come into force in the Angolan legal system after they have been officially published and have entered into force in the international legal system, for as long as they are internationally binding upon the Angolan state.”

Artigo 13.2º: "Os tratados e acordos internacionais regularmente aprovados ou ratificados vigoram na ordem jurídica angolana após a sua publicação oficial e entrada em vigor na ordem jurídica internacional e enquanto vincularem internacionalmente o Estado angolano."

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 2.2: “The Republic of Angola shall promote and defend the basic human rights and freedoms of individuals and members of organised social groups and shall ensure respect for them and guarantee their implementation through the legislative, executive and judicial powers, their organs and institutions, and on the part of all individuals and corporate bodies.”

Artigo 2.2º: "A República de Angola promove e defende os direitos e liberdades fundamentais do Homem, quer como indivíduo quer como membro de grupos sociais organizados, e assegura o respeito e a garantia da sua efectivação pelos poderes legislativo, executivo e judicial, seus órgãos e instituições, bem como por todas as pessoas singulares e colectivas."

Article 21: “The fundamental tasks of the Angolan state shall be:
b) To ensure fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees;
c) To gradually create the necessary conditions required to effectively implement the economic, social and cultural rights of citizens;”

Artigo 21º: "Constituem tarefas fundamentais do Estado angolano:
b) Assegurar os direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais;
c) Criar progressivamente as condições necessárias para tornar efectivos os direitos económicos, sociais e culturais dos cidadãos"

Article 28.2: “The state must adopt legislative initiatives and other appropriate measures to ensure the gradual and effective realisation of economic, social and cultural rights, in accordance with the available resources.”

Artigo 28.2º: "O Estado deve adoptar as iniciativas legislativas e outras medidas adequadas à concretização progressiva e efectiva, de acordo com os recursos disponíveis, dos direitos económicos, sociais e culturais."

Article 90: “The state shall promote social development by: 
e) Ensuring that all citizens enjoy the benefits resulting from collective efforts in terms of development, specifically with regard to quantitative and qualitative improvements to standards of living.” 

Artigo 90º: "O Estado promove o desenvolvimento social através de: 
e) A fruição por todos os cidadãos dos benefícios resultantes do esforço colectivo do desenvolvimento, nomeadamente na melhoria quantitativa e qualitativa do seu nível de vida."