This study analyses weaknesses and potentials of the Tanzanian soybean value chain. Mainly characterized by traditional production systems, the soybean sub-sector is weakly developed and fragmented and it struggles to meet the increasing demand for soya worldwide. Soya has a great potential but the lack of coordination, conflicting legal instruments, weak vertical and horizontal linkages, affect the sub-sector and limit  its potential. The study identifies several strategic elements to improve the competitiveness and the sustainability of the soybean value chain: promoting groups and associations, differentiation in production, improving knowledge and information, physical infrastructure, public-private partnership, etc.