Conclusions
This module has highlighted how some livestock production practices require making trade-offs between food security, adaptation and mitigation, and that most practices offer opportunities to exploit synergies in these areas. Several climate-smart agriculture practices are readily available for implementation, such as sylvopastoral systems (see Case Study B2.2), grassland restoration and management, manure management (recycling and biodigestion) and crop-livestock integration.
This module has also highlighted that climate-smart agricultural approaches need to take into consideration production systems and supply chains. This is especially true in the case of livestock, given the strong interrelationships with crops (feed and manure management) and the wider environment. Addressing adaptation or mitigation issues requires paying attention to spill-over and feedback effects along the chain.