Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring

Banak-Wautogik road (3)
Achieving global restoration targets through the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 2 roadmap

The Target 2 Roadmap is a coordinated global partnership to monitor progress towards the target for 30 percent of degraded ecosystems to be under restoration by 2030. In response to growing global momentum for ecosystem restoration, FAO, as the custodian of the headline indicator for Target 2 (area under restoration) of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), in collaboration with partners including the Secretariat for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Society for Ecological Restoration (SER), Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), and others, has led the development of methodologies, guidance, and a strategic Target 2 Roadmap implementation through COP16 and beyond.

With a renewed mandate to accelerate this work, endorsed in the decision of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at its sixteenth meeting (CBD/COP/DEC/16/35), the Target 2 Roadmap was launched at the twenty-seventh meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA-27) in October 2025. It serves as a platform to coordinate, support, and scale restoration monitoring. It is a key milestone under the United Kingdom-funded Accelerating Innovative Monitoring for Nature Restoration (AIM4NatuRe) initiative, which supports innovative restoration monitoring.

To support CBD Parties in effectively monitoring and reporting on ecosystem restoration through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, technical partners, Indigenous Peoples, and civil society are engaged to co-develop guidance, tools, datasets, and training sessions.

Why the Target 2 Roadmap?

Established in 2023, the Target 2 Roadmap is now being further articulated through a robust governance structure to respond to CBD-COP decisions and evolving needs of Parties. The Target 2 Roadmap is designed to:

  • Mobilize and coordinate expertise, highlighting the role of the Roadmap’s members and bringing together different areas of expertise;
  • Identify and address needs for restoration monitoring and reporting;
  • Advance knowledge on status and trends in ecosystem restoration;
  • Develop a framework for sharing data for ecosystem restoration through a global restoration dataset;
  • Showcase measurable progress and unlock opportunities for scaling restoration monitoring;
  • Increase visibility and outreach on ecosystem restoration monitoring efforts and methodologies.
Expected outcomes

The expected outcomes of the Target 2 Roadmap are:

  • Targeted capacity development with Timely and targeted methodological and data support to fulfil country needs in restoration monitoring and reporting.
  • Effective restoration monitoring guidance consolidated through analysis of indicators by ecosystem type.
  • Enhanced data and knowledge on ecosystem restoration Data submitted by Parties through the CBD reporting complemented by findings from reporting under other multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) will provide knowledge on the status and effectiveness of restoration, and pinpoint to the areas where further action should be accelerated (in terms of effectiveness, baseline, restoration in various ecosystems, etc).
  • Data sharing and interoperability framework provided through guidance and recommendations on data sharing across restoration platforms and sectors. Global data is shared through the Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM) consistent with reporting needs.
  • Indigenous Peoples actively engaged. Indigenous Peoples’ role and capacity in ecosystem restoration monitoring are documented, strengthened and integrated.
  • Synergies across Rio conventions interlinkages among biodiversity, climate change and land degradation are documented with harmonized reporting recommendations across the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and other UN Conventions including the Ramsar convention on Wetlands.
  • Visibility and engagement opportunities are enhanced through the broad Monitoring Taskforce of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
Links with the Task Force on Monitoring

The Target 2 Roadmap has become one of the key deliverables of the Task Force on Monitoring complementing the work by the Task Force while focusing specifically on the KMGBF Target 2. The Roadmap supports national implementation of restoration monitoring, enhances coordination and reduces the reporting burden.

 

Governance structure and roles

The governance of the Target 2 Roadmap is organized around several complementary roles. At the highest level, a Leads Group sets the objectives and defines the overall strategy of the Roadmap. Day-to-day oversight is provided by a Coordinator, who manages the design, launch, administration and coordination of the initiative. The Roadmap’s broader membership coincides with the Taskforce on Monitoring, bringing together a wide range of stakeholders. To address specific thematic or technical areas of work, dedicated working groups are established under the Target 2 Roadmap.

 

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GBF Target 2 Roadmap working groups

Working group 1: Indicator Development, Monitoring Guidance by ecosystem type

  • Subworking Group 1.1: Terrestrial
  • Subworking Group 1.2: Inland water
  • Subworking Group 1.3: Marine and coastal

Working group 2: Data and FERM

Working group 3: National and Regional Capacity Development

Working group 4: Indigenous Peoples Restoration Monitoring

Target 2 Roadmap
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