To identify and monitor the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women and men in rural households, IFPRI conducted phone surveys in selected regions of the four focal countries, with financial and technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The surveys traced gender differences in responses to the pandemic and associated restrictions, such as choice of coping strategies, access to public assistance, and changes in the care burden for men and women. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had sweeping impacts on people living in rural areas of Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and Uganda, including losses in income, depletion of savings and assets, and reduced access to food.