This general fiche summarises all the environmental and climate impacts of organic farming systems and specifically on organic livestock systems, found in a review of 30 synthesis research papers [1]. These papers were selected from an initial number of 220 obtained through a systematic literature search strategy, according to the inclusion criteria reported in section 4.   

 As each synthesis research paper involves a number of primary research papers ranging from 7 to 164 (often around 50), the assessment of impacts relies on a large number of results obtained mainly from real farms, field experiments (carried out by scientists in situations close to real farming environment), and sometimes from model simulations (e.g. by life cycle analysis including accounting for all 'cradle-to-farm gate' activities).