Coffee growing is an important livelihood strategy for smallholders in East African countries, notably Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda, where coffee is an important agricultural export. Smallholder production is less significant in southern countries such as Malawi and Zambia but although the smallholder sector is small, coffee is a major source of income for rural households, particularly in places that are remote from markets for other farm products. The objective was to improve the income of coffee smallholders in Malawi and Zambia through improved crop and pest management. This was done by developing and promoting Integrated Crop and Pest Management (ICPM) systems for the two most important pest constraints: white stem borer and Coffee Berry Disease (CBD).