全球粮食安全与营养论坛 (FSN论坛)

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《食物权准则》20周年 —— 征集有关实现人类充足食物权的意见和建议的通知

        2024 年是《在国家粮食安全背景下推动逐步实现充足食物权的自愿准则》（《食物权准则》） 通过 20 周年。

  食物权是一项具有法律约束力的权利，受《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》的保障。根据经济、社会及文化权利委员会 （CESCR） 第 12 号一般性意见所规定，每个人在所有时候都能在物质和经济方面获得足够食物或有购买食物的手段时，该权利才得以实现。

        《食物权准则》为各国如何通过制定战略、计划、政策和立法实现充足食物权提供了实用指导。经过历时两年的政府间谈判和多利益攸关方参与，该《准则》得到了世界粮食安全委员会（粮安委）的认可，并于 2004 年 11 月由粮农组织理事会通过。

        各国政府有法律义务确保食物权，且每个人都有权不受歧视地享受这一普遍权利。此外，我们所有人，无论个人或集体，包括政府官员、立法者、地方社区、非政府组织、学术界、消费者组织、青年团体、土著人民、小农、妇女组织、民间社会组织以及私营部门，都是实现充足食物权的关键主体。

        《食物权准则》预见到当今实现可持续发展面临急切全球挑战的紧迫性，包括冲突、不平等、疾病、气候变化和生物多样性的丧失。在我们挑战不断增长和变化的复杂世界中，该《准则》一如既往地具有重要意义。它们提醒我们，国际合作与协作对消除饥饿、各种形式的营养不良、贫困和不平等的集体公共利益至关重要。其全面落实有助于我们努力实现以人权为基础的《2030年可持续发展议程》及其可持续发展目标。

        由于2019新冠肺炎疫情、各种形式的饥饿和营养不良问题与日俱增、不平等问题加剧以及生活成本危机，过去 5 年极具挑战。各国政府和全球其他主体采取了创新对策。20 年过去了，现今正值盘点进展并研究要点的恰当时机。

 

期待您的重要意见和建议！

        展望《食物权准则》20 周年，本次征集活动的结果将有助于了解在地方、国家、区域或全球层面为实现充足食物权所作努力，并为各国及其人民提供重要的盘点机会。

        粮农组织食物权团队和世界粮食安全委员会（粮安委）邀请利益攸关方.

1.
分享在实现每个人在所有时候都享有食物权方面的经验和良好做法
2.
阐明在实现食物权或落实《食物权准则》中遇到的各种差距、制约和挑战
 
3.
在实现充足食物权方面分享经验教训并提出改善建议。
 
4.
下一步：是否有（进一步）采用和适用《准则》的具体计划？

 

如何参与本次征集活动

        请使用以下模板分享您的经验：鏈接到模板

        可使用六种联合国语言（阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文）中的任何一种提交。请将提交内容长度限制在 1,000 字以内。您可将完成的表格在此处上传，或发送至 [email protected] 。

 

徵件截止日期為 2023 年 12 月 17 日。

        我们非常感谢您的宝贵贡献，并期待学习您的经验。

共同主持人：

  • Marie-Lara Hubert-Chartier，食物权专家
  • Claire Mason，食物权顾问
  • Sarah Brand，准专业官员
  • Chiara Cirulli, 糧安委秘書處

 

参考材料

 

专题

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Adalgisa Martinelli

Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

To the kind attention of F.A.O.

I trust this message finds you well.

I am writing in response to the recent communication regarding the reopening of the Call for submissions on the "20th anniversary of the Right to Food Guidelines – Call for inputs on the realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food."

Please find attached my contribution to the second phase of the Call for Submissions and, I take this opportunity to thank you for allowing all of us to share insights, expertise and best practice towards this collective effort.  Once again, thank you for providing this opportunity to contribute to such a meaningful dialogue.

Thanks for your kind attention and collaboration.   

Best regards,

Marie Curie Doctoral Fellow
GEM-Diamond Project

Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

See the attachments:

Pablo Bassante

MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA Y GANADERÍA
Ecuador

Estimada Representación de FAO en Ecuador,

Con un atento saludo, en virtud al Oficio Nro. MREMH-DOEI-2023-0452-O, 15 de noviembre de 2023, mediante el cual el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana pone en conocimiento que; “(…) El Equipo del Derecho a la Alimentación de la FAO y el Comité de Seguridad Alimentaria Mundial (CSA) invitan a las partes interesadas a: i) Compartir sus experiencias y buenas prácticas sobre la realización del derecho a la alimentación para todas las personas, en todo momento; ii) Identificar las carencias, limitaciones y desafíos en la realización del derecho a la alimentación o en la implementación de las Directrices sobre el derecho a la alimentación; iii) Compartir las enseñanzas adquiridas y sugerir recomendaciones para mejorar la realización del derecho a una alimentación adecuada; e; iv) Identificar los próximos pasos: ¿hay algún plan concreto para utilizar y aplicar las Directrices (en el futuro)?. Para el efecto, se puede completar la información a través del formulario adjunto. Información complementaria puede encontrarse en el siguiente enlace: https://www.fao.org/fsnforum/es/call-submissions/20th-anniversary-right…. Las contribuciones se pueden redactar en español y deben tener una extensión máxima de 1.000 palabras y enviarlo por electrónico a [email protected], hasta antes del 17 de diciembre de 2023…”

 Al respecto, me permito informar que la Dirección de Cooperación y Relaciones Internacionales, en el ámbito de sus competencias, consultó con las áreas técnicas afines al tema.

Finalmente, por lo mencionado, remito las contribuciones por parte del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIAP).

Saludos cordiales,

Mgs. Pablo Bassante

Dirección de Cooperación y Relaciones Internacionales

MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA Y GANADERÍA

www.agricultura.gob.ec

Quito – Ecuador

See the attachments:

Share your experiences and good practices on the realization of the right to food for everyone, always

Ensuring the right to food for everyone is a multifaceted challenge that requires various approaches. Some good practices include:

Sustainable Agriculture: Supporting small-scale farmers, promoting sustainable farming practices, and investing in agricultural technology can increase food production sustainably.

Food Redistribution Programs: Implementing programs to redirect surplus food from producers, supermarkets, and restaurants to those in need helps reduce food waste and ensures more people have access to food.

Education and Awareness: Educating communities about nutrition, food storage, and sustainable practices empowers individuals to make informed choices and reduces food insecurity.

Policy and Advocacy: Supporting policies that promote equitable access to food, address poverty, and invest in social safety nets can significantly impact food security for vulnerable population. 

Community Initiatives: Establishing community gardens, food banks, and cooperative networks encourages local involvement and provides immediate support to those facing food insecurity.

Partnerships and Collaboration: Engaging governments, NGOs, businesses, and local communities in collaborative efforts helps leverage resources and expertise to address the complexities of food security comprehensively.

Realizing the right to food for everyone requires a holistic approach addressing various interconnected factors like poverty, access to resources, education, and sustainable agricultural practices.

先生 Abdulai Kamara

Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development (CDRMSD)
塞拉利昂

Dear Sir/Madam,

Greetings to you from my end. I am Abdulai Kamara, the Executive
Director for the Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable
Development (CDRMSD), a CSO based in Sierra Leone. Kindly find attached
my response for the food and nutrition security forum contribution. I
tried to upload my response to the platform, but to no avail.
Please feel free to reach me if you would require additional information.

Regards
Abdulai

See the attachments:
Dear Moderator,
 
From a new perspective and lens: Based on our recent study (see below) on the issue of the Human Right to Adequate Food, the problem is getting serious to indigenous ethnic communities and other societies that are based on common property resources. Current international environmental policies and actions have made them worse. There are hidden international politics on hunger in developing countries. People from developing countries cannot understand the problems of conventional thinking and materials of international aid agencies. They should look at the problem from their own national perspective.
 
The following articles may help you to understand the politics and problems in developing countries.
 
Thank you.
Best Wishes. 
Bhubaneswor Dhakal

教授 Ahmad Mahdavi

University of Tehran/ and Sustainable agriculture and environment.
伊朗(伊斯兰共和国)

Please see my response attached.

Best regards,

Ahmad Mahdavi, professor emeritus at University of Tehran,

Ph.D., entomologist/ ecotoxicologist/ ICT for agriculture and environment,

Focal point for Mountain Partnership in the University of Tehran,

CMS preventing poisoning group, RAMSAR, SWS, WWN,

University of Tehran/ and Sustainable agriculture and environment.
Tehran, Iran.

See the attachments:

In Pakistan, like many other countries, the right to food is a fundamental human right that is enshrined in various international agreements and also recognized in the Constitution of Pakistan. The right to food entails that every person has the right to access safe, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food in sufficient quantities to lead a healthy and active life. However, there are several problems related to food security and access to adequate nutrition in Pakistan, and addressing these issues is essential to ensure the realization of the right to food for all its citizens.

1. Poverty and Income Inequality: A significant portion of the Pakistani population lives in poverty, and income inequality is a pressing issue. Poverty and income disparities directly affect people's ability to afford nutritious food. To address this problem, Pakistan needs policies that promote economic growth, job creation, and income distribution.

2. Food Insecurity: Many people in Pakistan are food-insecure, meaning they do not have reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. This is often due to factors like crop failure, natural disasters, and food price inflation. Addressing this issue requires a robust social safety net, better agricultural practices, and policies to stabilize food prices.

3. Malnutrition: Pakistan faces high levels of malnutrition, including stunting and wasting in children and anemia among women. Malnutrition is a significant obstacle to realizing the right to food. To tackle this problem, the government should invest in nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs, such as fortification of staple foods and nutrition education.

4. Lack of Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation: Access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation is closely linked to food security and nutrition. Contaminated water and poor sanitation can lead to waterborne diseases that affect nutritional status. The government should invest in improving water and sanitation infrastructure.

5. Agricultural Challenges: Pakistan's agriculture sector faces several challenges, including water scarcity, outdated farming practices, and inadequate access to credit and resources for smallholder farmers. To ensure food security, Pakistan should invest in modernizing agriculture, improving irrigation, and supporting small-scale farmers.

6. Land Rights: Land tenure issues and landlessness can lead to food insecurity, especially among vulnerable populations. Ensuring secure land tenure rights and equitable land distribution is vital for addressing this issue.

7. Food Safety: Ensuring the safety of the food supply is crucial for protecting the right to food. Improving food safety standards, inspection mechanisms, and regulation of the food industry is necessary.

8. Legal Framework and Governance: Pakistan has a legal framework in place to protect the right to food, but its implementation and enforcement often fall short. Strengthening the legal framework and improving governance and accountability are critical for addressing these issues.

To solve these problems and realize the right to food in Pakistan, a comprehensive and multi-pronged approach is necessary:

  1. Policy Reforms: The government should develop and implement policies that address poverty, income inequality, and food security. This may include social safety nets, targeted subsidies, and measures to improve agricultural productivity.

  2. Investment in Agriculture: Modernizing the agricultural sector, providing support to smallholder farmers, and improving irrigation systems are essential to enhance food production.

  3. Nutrition Programs: Implement nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs that address malnutrition and ensure access to diverse and nutritious foods.

  4. Water and Sanitation: Invest in clean drinking water and sanitation infrastructure to reduce waterborne diseases and improve nutritional status.

  5. Land Rights: Ensure secure land tenure rights and equitable land distribution to address landlessness and food insecurity among vulnerable populations.

  6. Food Safety Regulations: Strengthen food safety standards, inspection mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure the safety of the food supply.

  7. Legal Reforms: Strengthen the legal framework for the right to food and improve governance and accountability to ensure its effective implementation.

Realizing the right to food in Pakistan is a complex challenge, but it is essential for the well-being and development of the population. A multi-sectoral and holistic approach is required, involving government agencies, civil society, and international organizations to address these problems and ensure food security for all.

 

 

Bonjour à tous, 20 ans déjà! 20 ans de combat pour un meilleur accès à l'alimentation pour tous et 20 de challenges. Sans regarder de statistique, l'actualité démontre que l'accès à l'alimentation économique ou physique est entravé par le grand retour des conflits armés internationaux. La guerre en Ukraine et la peur de voir le monde sombrer dans la famine et désormais la guerre dans la bande de Gaza. A tous ces grands conflits, il en existe combien qui sont internes et qui se sont peu à peu internationalisés, le Yémen, la Syrie, etc. L'impact de ces conflits sur l'accès à l'alimentation rappelle au monde à quel point, la paix est un préalable pour la vie et l'établissement de tous les droits fondamentaux. Le droit à l'alimentation n'échappe à ce constat. Dans ces conditions, pour les 20 ans des Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation, quoi de mieux de se questionner sur les raisons de l'échec du droit international à sauvegarder la paix internationale. Il semblerait que l'effritement du multilatéralisme, la crise de l'ordre international et plus spécifiquement des normes internationales soient à l'origine du recul de la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde. Pour un meilleur respect du droit à l'alimentation, il semblerait nécessaire de se repenser le droit international afin de le renforcer et de  reposer les jalons d'un droit international qui soit suffisamment contraignant pour obliger ses membres à respecter les règles de la guerre afin de faciliter à tous, un accès correct à l'alimentation, même en période de conflits armés. Pour finir, juste rappeler que partout où il y a un effondrement de l'édifice de la paix, il y a une rupture potentielle de l'accès à l'alimentation, en raison des violations souvent flagrantes du droit international humanitaire. Mais dans un monde où la raison du plus fort prime, les civils se retrouvent exposés à bien  des maux dont la famine.