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In 2015, FAO in collaboration with Indigenous Peoples' leaders and Indigenous Youth identified six pillars and two focus areas for FAO’s work with Indigenous Peoples towards achieving FAO's mandate of freeing the world from hunger and malnutrition, under the overarching frameworks of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and FAO Policy on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. 

In 2017, the Indigenous Youth Global Caucus requested that FAO develop a new pillar of work focused on Traditional Knowledge and Climate change. In 2019, the Indigenous Peoples Team became the Indigenous Peoples Unit (PSUI) working with Indigenous Peoples and their representatives in addition to working across silos and technical divisions within FAO. The Indigenous Peoples Unit has three main objectives; the implementation of the FAO Policy on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples through the joint work programme; advocating and assisting other FAO technical divisions in integrating Indigenous Peoples into their work; influencing key policy processes and open spaces of dialogue between decision-makers and Indigenous Peoples within FAO´s mandate.