Potato is an important priority product under the One Country One Priority Product (OCOP) initiative in Lesotho and has strong potential to contribute to food security, income generation, employment and rural development. Despite growing production, the sector faces low productivity, weak seed potato systems, limited value addition, weak market linkages and high dependence on imported seed potatoes and processed products. Under the joint FAO–UNIDO Agrifood Systems Transformation Accelerator (ASTA) programme, a value chain analysis and upgrading strategy has been prepared for the potato sector. The analysis highlights constraints related to seed potato systems, production practices, access to finance, storage, processing, market coordination and business support services. The report proposes an upgrading strategy focused on strengthening seed potato systems, promoting good agricultural practices, improving aggregation and logistics, expanding value addition and processing, and increasing access to finance and markets. It also promotes climate-smart practices, digital innovation and the inclusion of women and youth. The proposed OCOP Action and Investment Plan aims to increase productivity, reduce post-harvest losses and import dependency, create jobs, and strengthen the resilience, competitiveness and sustainability of the potato value chain in Lesotho. Successful implementation will require coordinated investment and collaboration among public and private stakeholders.