This paper presents a gender analysis of two aquaculture value chains in Viet Nam and Nigeria, namely shrimp (Viet Nam) and catfish (Nigeria). Despite large differences in their level of aquaculture development and gender relations within this sector, Viet Nam and Nigeria face similar challenges regarding aquaculture development that ensures gender equity. This paper aims at suggesting concrete ways to overcome these challenges in order to ensure gender equity, with implications on food security and poverty reduction.