Conjunto de Herramientas para la Gestión Forestal Sostenible (GFS)

Madera fuente de energía

Este módulo describe los desafíos y oportunidades relacionados con la producción y el uso de la madera como fuente de energía y sus impactos socioeconómicos y ambientales en los países en desarrollo. Analiza la función de los enfoques de cadena de valor para afrontar los problemas actuales del sector de la energía maderera, y explora brevemente la utilización industrial en gran escala del combustible de madera.

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Chidumayo, N. et al. 2013. The environmental impacts of charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: a synthesis.

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Evans, J.M., R.J. Fletcher, Jr., J.R.R. Alavalapati, A.L. Smith, D. Geller, P. Lal, D. Vasudev, M. Acevedo, J. Calabria, and T. Upadhyay. 2013. Forestry bioenergy in the Southeast United States: implications for wildlife habitat and biodiversity. National Wildlife Federation, Merrifi eld, VA.

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FAO. 2014. State of the World's Forests - Enhancing the socioeconomic benefits from forests. FAO, Rome.

FAO. 2012a. Good environmental practices in bioenergy feedstock production - Making bioenergy work for climate and food security. FAO, Rome.

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FAO. 2010. What woodfuels can do to mitigate climate change. FAO, Rome.

FAO. 2008. Forests and energy - Key issues. FAO, Rome.

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FAO. 2002. Economic analysis of wood energy systems. FAO, Rome.

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Ferranti, F. 2014. Energy wood: A challenge for European forests - Potentials, environmental implications, policy integration and related conflicts. EFI, Joensuu.

Forest2Market. 2015. Wood supply market trends in the US South: 1995 – 2015.

GACC. 2015. Clean cookstoves and fuels: A catalog of carbon offset projects and advisory service providers.

Geist, H.J. & Lambin, E.F. 2002. Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestationBio Science. Vol. 520, No 2, pp 143-150.

GIZ/GBEP. 2014. Towards sustainable modern wood energy development - Stocktaking paper on successful initiatives in developing countries in the field of wood energy development. GIZ, Germany.

Guariguata, M.R., Masera, O.R., Johnson, F.X., von Maltitz, G., Bird, N., Tella, P. and Martínez-Bravo, R. 2011. A review of environmental issues in the context of biofuel sustainability frameworks. Occasional Paper 69. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Hosonuma, N. et al. 2012. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environ. Research Letters 7 (12pp).

IEA. 2014. Africa energy outlook - A focus on energy prospects in sub-Saharan Africa. IEA, Paris.

IEA. 2014 World Energy Outlook 2014 – Traditional use of solid biomass for cooking. (Excel file). IEA, Paris.

IEA. 2011. Energy for all – Financing energy access for the poorIEA, Paris.

IEA. 2005. Energy Statistics Manual. IEA, Paris.

IESS. 2015. User Guide for India’s 2047 Energy Calculator - Cooking Sector.

IIED. 2014. Informality and market governance in wood and charcoal value chains. IIED, London.

IIED. 2011. Macqueen, D. & Korhaliller, S. 2011. Bundles of energy: The case for renewable biomass energy, Natural Resource Issues No. 24. IIED, London.

Iiyama, M. et al. 2014a. The potential of agroforestry in the provision of sustainable woodfuel in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Volume 6, Pages 138–147.

Iiyama, M. et al. 2014b. Opportunities and challenges of landscape approaches for sustainable charcoal production and use (chaper 14).

Iiyama, M. et al. 2014c. Achieving sustainable charcoal in Kenya - Harnessing the opportunities for cross-sectoral integration. Technical brief may 2014. SEI-ICRAF.

Johnson, F. X., Pacini, H. & Smeets, E. 2012. Transformations in EU biofuels markets under the Renewable Energy Directive and the implications for land use, trade and forests. Occasional Paper 78. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Kissinger, G., M. Herold,V. & De Sy. 2012. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: A synthesis report for REDD+ policymakers. Lexeme Consulting, Vancouver Canada.

Krajnc, N. 2015. Woodfuels handbook. FAO, Rome.

Lahn, G. & Grafham, O. 2015. Heat, Light and Power for Refugees - Saving Lives, Reducing Costs. Chatham House, London, UK.

Mead, D.J. 2001. Plantations and wood energy. Working Paper FC/5. FAO, Rome.

Mwampamba, H et al. 2013. Dispelling common misconceptions to improve attitudes and policy outlook on charcoal in developing countries. Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 17, Pages 75–85.

Neufeldt, H., Langford, K., Fuller, J., Iiyama, M. &Dobie, P. 2015. From transition fuel to viable energy source: improving sustainability in the sub-Saharan charcoal sector. ICRAF Working Paper No. 196. Nairobi, World Agroforestry Centre.

NL Agency. 2010. Making charcoal production in sub-Sahara Africa sustainable.

Pacheco, P., German, L., van Gelder, J.W., Weinberger, K. and Guariguata, M. 2011. Avoiding deforestation in the context of biofuel feedstock expansion: an analysis of the effectiveness of market-based instruments. Working Paper 73. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

Raunikar, R. et al. 2010. Global outlook for wood and forests with the bioenergy demand implied by scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Forest Policy and Economics, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2010. Pages 48–56.

Schure, J et al. 2013. Formalization of charcoal value chains and livelihood outcomes in Central and West Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 17, Issue 2, April 2013. Pages 95–105.

Sedjo, R.A. 2013. Comparative life cycle assessments: Carbon neutrality and wood biomass energy. RFF, Washington DC.

Sepp, S. 2014a. Multiple-household fuel use – A balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG. GIZ, Eschborn, Germany.

Sepp, S. 2014b. Wood energy - Renewable, profitable and modern. GIZ, Eschborn, Germany.

Stephenson, A.L. & MacKay, D.J.C. 2014. Life cycle impacts of biomass electricity in 2020

The World Bank. 2014a. Clean and improved cooking in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank, Washington DC.

The World Bank. 2014b. Understanding the differences between cookstoves. The World Bank, Washington DC.

The World Bank. 2011a. Household cookstoves, environment, health, and climate change – A new look at an old problem. The World Bank, Washington DC.

The World Bank. 2011b. Wood-based biomass energy development for sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank, Washington DC.

The World Bank. 2010. Enabling reforms: A stakeholder-based analysis of the political economy of Tanzania’s charcoal sector and the poverty and social impacts of proposed reforms. The World Bank, Washington DC.

UCS. 2011. The root of the problem: What’s driving tropical deforestation today - Chapter 8: Wood for Fuel. Union of Concerned Scientists.

UNDP. 2014a. NAMA study for a sustainable charcoal value chain in Côte d'Ivoire

UNDP. 2014b. NAMA study for a sustainable charcoal value chain in Ghana

UNDP. 2013. NAMA study for a sustainable charcoal value chain in Uganda

UNECE/FAO. 2015. Forest products annual market review. UNECE, Geneva, Switzerland.

Von Maltitz, G. and Staffford, W. 2011. Assessing opportunities and constraints for biofuel development in sub-Saharan Africa. Working Paper 58. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia

WHO. 2014. Indoor air quality guidelines: household fuel combustion

WHO. 2006. Fuel for life: household energy and health

Web references

http://www.fao.org/forestry/energy/90831/en/ FAO Wood energy external links. Last accessed 01.04.2016.

http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/he_database/en/ WHO. Household energy database. Last accessed 01.04.2016.