粮食和农业统计数据

Temperature change statistics 1961–2023. Global, regional and country trends

25/03/2024

The FAOSTAT Temperature Change domain disseminates statistics of land surface air temperature change by country, with annual updates. Statistics are available for monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperature anomalies, i.e. temperature change with respect to a baseline climatology, corresponding to the period 1951–1980. The standard deviation of the temperature change of the baseline methodology is also available. Data are based on the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA–GISS) with information from the year 1880 onward. 

The 2024 update covers the period 1961–2023 for 198 countries and 39 territories. It provides country-level information on observed temperature change trends on land, as a basis to help identify risk and design the responses necessary to safeguard the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors.

Main findings:

  • The 2023 global mean annual temperature change on land was 1.8 °C compared to the 1951–1980 baseline, the highest on record. The last nine years since 2015 were the nine warmest years on record.
  • The Paris Agreement limit of 1.5 °C was surpassed in all regions in 2023, except in Oceania (0.9 °C).
  • In 2023, monthly mean global temperatures on land were the highest on record from July to December.
  • Europe recorded the largest temperature increases (2.4 °C) among regions, with 2023 the seventh of the last nine years with warming above 2 °C. Asia experienced the second highest temperature change (1.8 °C); Oceania the lowest (0.9 °C).
  • Among subregions in 2023, warming was strongest in Western and Eastern Europe and in Central Asia (2.5 °C). The lowest warming was observed in Australia and New Zealand, Polynesia and Melanesia (0.9 °C).
  • In 2023, 121 countries and territories experienced mean annual warming greater than 1.5 °C, of which 68 with warming greater than 2.0 °C. The Svalbard Islands (Norway) recorded the largest warming (3.6 °C). The top 10 countries with the highest warming in 2023 were all in Europe, with temperature change well above 2.5 °C.
  • For the first time on record, the countries exposed to warming greater than 1.5 °C represented in 2023 more than half the world population (4 billion people), more than half the world’s cropland area (nearly 900 million hectares) and 60 percent of the agricultural area (about 3 billion hectares). Europe was the region most at risk in terms of shares of its population (80 percent) and agricultural land (95 percent) located in countries with warming above 1.5 °C

 

 

 

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