The Second International Symposium on Agroecology: Scaling up Agroecology to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was held in Rome, Italy 3-5 April 2018. The Symposium aimed to compliment on-going national and regional agroecology initiatives to integrate biodiversity and ecosystem services in agriculture.

Challenges and opportunities to scale up agroecology were proposed through the Scaling-up Agroecology Initiative, and included:

i) The need for more innovative and integrative approaches to support more sustainable food systems, and,

ii) The need for an enabling environment to provide positive incentives to support farmers overcome adoption barriers and risks to transition to implement such practices.