Agroecology is widely recognized in national biodiversity planning, but translating policy commitments into funded and measurable action remains a challenge. Agroecology in NBSAPs and National Targets: Five Steps from Ambition to Implementation, a policy brief published in October 2026, assesses how agroecology is integrated into National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) and national targets submitted under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The analysis examines 108 NBSAPs and compares them with national targets submitted by 104 Parties, using a five-tier framework to assess commitments, monitoring indicators, institutional responsibilities and financing.

The findings show that 105 of the 108 NBSAPs (97 percent) include at least one agroecological intervention area, while 86 percent contain a related target and 82 percent include a policy action. However, only 55 plans (51 percent) address the full implementation chain at the plan level, and just 24 include a complete chain for a specific intervention area. Policy attention is concentrated on farming practices, the transition from agrochemicals to biological inputs, and diverse local seeds and crops. Territorial markets, farmer-led knowledge co-development and equitable access to resources receive considerably less attention. The brief also identifies gaps in quantified national targets, monitoring and institutional accountability.

Developed by Climate Focus, with contributions from the Biovision Foundation and WWF International, the analysis recommends mainstreaming agroecology across biodiversity planning, assigning responsible institutions and dedicated financing, strengthening indicators, and linking production targets with market access, resource rights and inclusive governance. It provides evidence-based recommendations for governments, civil society, farmer organizations, Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and the private sector to strengthen the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.