Food control systems
Introduction
What are they about?
A national food control system ensures that food available within a country is safe, wholesome and fit for human consumption, conforms to food safety and quality requirements and is honestly and accurately labelled as prescribed by the law. As such, food control systems protect the health and safety of consumers and help assure the safety and quality of foods being traded both nationally and internationally.
Why are they important?
Protecting public health is a core government responsibility and is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 2 and SDG 3. Food control also promotes fair trade and fosters economic growth across the food chain.
With food technology advancing and global food trade expanding, controlling foodborne hazards is more crucial than ever. Food control systems must stay current, be risk based and align with Codex Alimentarius standards and best practices.
How do they work?
An effective food control system relies on strong legal and policy instruments, skilled personnel, solid institutions and adequate resources (such as funding, equipment and infrastructure, and including access to laboratories).
Competent authorities help ensure food safety and quality along the food chain by managing hazards, fraud, emerging risks and emergencies. Their work includes inspecting food business operators (FBOs), collecting data on the food chain, and implementing preparedness programmes. Establishing strong connections between the national food control system and foodborne disease surveillance systems is essential for monitoring food safety across the entire food supply chain.
Engaging with stakeholders – such as FBOs, consumers and the international community – is key to addressing evolving needs, building trust and keeping all stakeholders informed of their responsibilities.
To manage current and emerging challenges, a food control system must be science based, apply risk analysis and stay up to date on new scientific developments to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.
Contact
What is FAO’s role in food control systems?
FAO supports countries to assess their national food control systems using the FAO/WHO Food control system assessment tool to identify priorities, plan improvements and track progress.
It advises governments on the development of food safety policies and regulatory frameworks aligned with international standards, especially the Codex Alimentarius, while considering national needs and capacities.
It also helps develop risk-based inspection and monitoring programmes, including management, technical training, sampling and testing.