Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal zoonotic disease caused by viruses of the genus Orthoebolavirus. The disease occurs primarily in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected wildlife or through direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of infected people. Fruit bats are considered the most likely natural reservoir, while non-human primates and some other wildlife species can become infected and develop severe disease.
FAO's role
FAO supports countries in preventing, detecting and responding to Ebola and other zoonotic disease threats through a One Health approach that recognizes the interconnected health of people, animals and ecosystems. Working closely with national authorities and international partners, FAO strengthens animal health systems, surveillance networks and preparedness capacities to reduce the risk of disease emergence and spread.
FAO assists national veterinary services to improve early warning, laboratory diagnostics, field investigations and workforce capacity, while supporting the development and implementation of national preparedness and response plans. FAO also promotes risk communication and community engagement, particularly among communities that depend on wildlife for food and livelihoods, to encourage practices that reduce the risk of zoonotic disease spillover.
During outbreaks, FAO assists governments in mitigating impacts on food security and livelihoods by providing technical expertise, training, agricultural inputs and operational support. FAO can mobilize resources and supply essential materials, including personal protective equipment, laboratory reagents and field equipment, helping countries strengthen preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
Did you know?
⦿ Fruit bats are considered the most likely natural reservoir of Ebola viruses. They can carry the virus without showing signs of illness, making them an important source of spillover to humans and other animals.
⦿ Chimpanzee, gorilla, forest antelope, porcupine, and non-human primates can become infected with Ebola after exposure to bats and may then infect humans.
⦿ Pigs are the only domestic livestock species known to be naturally susceptible to an Ebola virus. Reston virus detected in pigs has not been shown to cause disease in humans.
⦿ Ebola outbreaks can affect more than public health. Disruptions to farming, livestock production, food markets and trade can threaten food security and livelihoods in affected communities.
Find out more
In depth
Ebola virus disease - FAQ
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal human illness caused by infection with viruses of the genus Orthoebolavirus.
In depth
Zoonoses
Zoonotic diseases, or zoonoses, are diseases shared between animals – including livestock, wildlife, and pets – and people.
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E-learning
One Health course
This engaging course is designed to raise awareness and deepen understanding of the One Health approach – a collaborative, multisectoral strategy that recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and the environment.
Highlights
Hazard information profile - Bundibugyo virus
Focus on animal exposure and the animal–human interface.