Policy Support and Governance Gateway

Sustainable Food and Agriculture

Agriculture production systems are facing unprecedented challenges from increasing demand for food for a growing population, high competition over dwindling natural resources, loss of biodiversity, and emerging pests and diseases, compounded by the adverse effects of climate change.
 

Driving the transition to sustainable food and agriculture systems

FAO’s policy work in sustainable food and agriculture (SFA) supports Member Countries, leveraging the Organisation’s knowledge and experience to drive positive change across the three dimensions of sustainability: social, economic and environmental.

In facilitating the transition towards SFA, FAO develops gender-responsive and nutrition-sensitive policies, investment plans, programmes and governance mechanisms for sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The Organization assists producers in adopting innovative practices and technologies to increase productivity sustainably, while considering trade-offs and synergies. Moreover, FAO works through a wide variety of multi-stakeholder dialogues, alliances and partnerships and strengthens policy implementation, including through international and regional instruments relevant to sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries..
Key messages

Countries should adopt SFA approaches that promote resource efficiency, conserve natural resources and biodiversity and foster resilient livelihoods, shortening the path towards agrifood systems transformation.

These initiatives must be implemented in a cross-sectoral, integrated and participatory manner, while reversing resource degradation, protecting biodiversity, building resilience to shocks and addressing the challenge of climate change.

These actions can contribute to strengthening smallholders’ capacities and providing support to assess and adopt appropriate practices and technologies, as well as fostering innovation while monitoring and evaluating impacts.

These are about raising awareness, promoting dialogues and building multistakeholder platforms at regional and country levels.

Targeting public funds can provide public goods such as knowledge and infrastructure, and unlock the potential of the private sector through de-risking and technical cooperation.

 
Featured resources
The State of Food and Agriculture 2025
2025

The 2025 edition of The State of Food and Agriculture explores the theme “Addressing land degradation across landholding scales”. It examines the implications...

The Rome Declaration on Water Scarcity in Agriculture
2025

The Declaration was adopted by Ministers, Heads of Delegations and partners of the Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture (WASAG) in October...

The State of Food and Agriculture 2024 - Value-driven transformation of agrifood systems
2024

The State of Food and Agriculture 2024 builds on the findings of the 2023 edition, delving deeper into the use of true cost accounting assessments of...

Stories of agrifood systems change: Insights from Côte d’Ivoire, Cambodia, the Pacific, Guatemala and Albania
2024

The five stories in this publication illustrate the varied ways in which FAO accompanied governments, civil society organizations and other partners...

Sustainable agrifood systems in the Mediterranean - Levers for transformation
2023

This interactive tool compiles expert knowledge about a series of catalytic levers for agrifood systems transformation, while telling inspiring stories...

Harvesting change: Harnessing emerging technologies and innovations for agrifood system transformation - Global foresight synthesis report
2023

This study assesses a selection of technologies and innovations that could potentially help address agrifood challenges until 2050, as well as the most...

Les eaux non conventionnelles pour le développement agricole dans les pays de l’Afrique du Nord. Vers le déblocage du potentiel des eaux usées traitées et des eaux de drainage agricole
2023

En se basant sur un des messages clés de La situation mondiale de l’alimentation et de l’agriculture (SOFA) 2020 - «Investir dans les sources d’eau...

Managing water scarcity in Asia and the Pacific - A summary: Trends, experiences and recommendations for a resilient future
2023

In the Asia–Pacific region, water resources form the basis of agrarian prosperity and economic development. However, increasing water demand due to...

Progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals
2022

This report is prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Coalition for Green Economy and Development of...

Mountain tourism – Towards a more sustainable path
2022

With their soaring peaks, remote locations, and majestic beauty, mountains have long been a powerful attraction for visitors from all walks of life,...

South-South in Action. South-South and triangular cooperation in agricultural development: FAO's experiences
2022

This publication outlines key features of South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) and how FAO has applied SSTC to the delivery of its mission....

Sustainable bioeconomy and FAO. Project brief
2022

Bioeconomy is the production, utilization, conservation, and regeneration of biological resources, including related knowledge, science, technology,...

The future of food and agriculture – Drivers and triggers for transformation
2022

This report aims at inspiring strategic thinking and actions to transform agrifood systems towards a sustainable, resilient and inclusive future, by...

Gene editing in aquaculture
2022

The document is a brief of a specific aquaculture innovation. It contains information on the technique and approach used, scope and scale of application,...

Tool 9 – Current innovations: Information toolkit on food biotechnologies with a focus on food safety
2021

Tool 9 provides general information and examples on the latest developments, uses and applications in the area of food biotechnology, and it focuses...

Assessment of agricultural plastics and their sustainability: A call for action
2021

This report presents the results of a study on agricultural plastic products used globally in a range of different value chains. The study assessed...

The world is converging on the need for sustainable agri-food systems. Policy recommendations based on lessons learned from eleven African countries
2021

14 May 2021, Rome - In a sign that food security and nutrition are increasingly seen as key vectors for sustainable development, the United Nations...

FAO en América Latina y el Caribe
2021

En este reporte FAO ilustra los avances realizados durante el año 2021, en el cumplimiento del mandato que nos dieron los Países Miembros. Durante 2021,...

Development flows to agriculture 2002–2019
2021

This brief analyses the development flows to agriculture (DFA) dataset latest update. The objective of the DFA database is to provide readily available...

Being "agricool": Supporting ASEAN youth and tertiary student futures for sustainable agrifood system learning and livelihoods to meet the Sustainable Development Goals
2021

This policy brief is one in a series led by Chulalongkorn University with support from the Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education,...

FAO Policy Series: Sustainable Food and Agriculture
24/05/2016

Agriculture is feeding the world’s population but at an unbearable social and environmental cost. Clayton Campanhola, Director of the FAO Plant Production...