El derecho a la alimentación en el mundo

  Ghana

La Constitución de la República de Ghana no protege de manera explícita el derecho a una alimentación adecuada.

La República de Ghana es un Estado Parte del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales desde 2000 por vía de ratificación. Firmó el Protocolo facultativo en 2009, pero a la fecha el mismo aún no ha sido ratificado.

CONSTITUTIONAL RECOGNITIONS OF THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD

National status of international obligations

Article 40: "INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. In its dealings with other nations, the Government shall— (a) promote and protect the interests of Ghana; (b) seek the establishment of a just and equitable international economic and social order; (c) promote respect for international law, treaty obligations and the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means; (d) adhere to the principles enshrined in or as the case may be, the aims and ideals of— (i) the Charter of the United Nations; (ii) the Charter of the Organization of African Unity; (iii) the Commonwealth; (iv) the Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States; and (v) any other international organization of which Ghana is a member." 

Article 73: "INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. The Government of Ghana shall conduct its international affairs in consonance with the accepted principles of public international law and diplomacy in a manner consistent with the national interest of Ghana.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 28: "(a) every child has the right to the same measure of special care, assistance and maintenance as is necessary for its development from its natural parents, except where those parents have effectively surrendered their rights and responsibilities in respect of the child in accordance with law;”

Article 36: Economic objectives.

(1) The State shall take all necessary action to ensure that the national economy is managed in such a manner as to maximize the rate of economic development and to secure the maximum welfare, freedom and happiness of every person in Ghana and to provide adequate means of livelihood and suitable employment and public assistance to the needy.
(10) The State shall safeguard the health, safety and welfare of all persons in employment.”

Article 37: 
(2)(b) The State shall enact appropriate laws to ensure the protection and promotion of all other basic human rights and freedoms, including the rights of the disabled, the aged, children and other vulnerable groups in development processes.
(3) In the discharge of the obligations stated in clause (2) of this article, the State shall be guided by international human rights instruments which recognize and apply particular categories of basic human rights to development processes.”

INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) – 1948

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) – 1966

Status: Ratificación (2000)

Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) – 1979

Status: Ratificación (1986)

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) – 1989

Status: Ratificación (1990)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) – 2006

Status: Ratificación (2012)

Legislación y políticas que reconocen el derecho a una alimentación adecuada

Las Directrices sobre el derecho a la alimentación, refrendadas por el Comité de Seguridad Alimentaria Mundial y aprobadas por el Consejo de la FAO, brindan orientación para lograr la realización progresiva del derecho a una alimentación adecuada en el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria nacional.

Teniendo en cuenta que se puede implementar el derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada a través de varias acciones legales y políticas, lo invitamos a visitar los Perfiles de país en FAOLEX para acceder a una amplia recopilación de medidas adoptadas a nivel nacional. Entre los varios documentos disponibles, encontrará legislación y políticas que se refieren a algunas Directrices relevantes, como la de Acceso a los recursos y bienes (Directriz 8), Inocuidad de los alimentos y protección del consumidor (Directriz 9), Apoyo a los grupos vulnerables (Directriz 13) y Catástrofes naturales y provocadas por el hombre (Directriz 16).

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